ArticleParasites & vectors2021
High levels of pyrethroid resistance and super-kdr mutations in the populations of tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus, in Iran.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic insights into the spread and evolution of insecticide resistance variants in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Burkina Faso.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into the spread and evolution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Burkina Faso.Research square · 2025Article
- Morphometric Characteristics and Species Identification of Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Eastern Iran.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Testing the Sensitivity of the Tropical Bed BugJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Identification of Knockdown Resistance Mutations in the Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Iran.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus, is an important ectoparasite causing various health problems. This species is mainly confined to tropical regions; however, insecticide resistance, global warming, and globalization have changed its distribution map. Molecular information on pyrethroid resistance, which is essential for the development of control programs, is unknown for C. hemipterus in expanded areas. The present study was designed to determine the permethrin resistance status, characterize the pyrethroid receptor sites in voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene, and identify the resistance-related mutations in the populations of tropical bed bug in Iran.
methodsLive bed bugs were collected, and adults of C. hemipterus were selected for bioassay and molecular surveys. Bioassay was performed by tarsal contact with permethrin 0.75% in mixed-sex of samples. Conventional and quantitative TaqMan and SYBR Green real-time PCR assays were conducted to characterize the vgsc gene and genotypes of studied populations.
resultsIn the bioassay tests, the mortality rates were in the range of 30.7-38.7% and 56.2-77.4% in 24 and 48 h, respectively. The knockdown rates of studied populations were in the range of 32.2-46.6% and 61.5-83.8% in the first and second days, respectively. The KT
conclusionsThe specific/sensitive, safe, and rapid diagnostic assays developed in this study are recommended for detection of kdr/super-kdr mutations and frequency of mutant alleles. The presence of super-kdr mutations and high resistance to permethrin in all the populations necessitate the reconsideration of control approaches against C. hemipterus.
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