ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2021
Cancer derived exosomes induce macrophages immunosuppressive polarization to promote bladder cancer progression.
Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The miRNA-immune axis in bladder cancer: systematic evidence for a new era of immunotherapy precision.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and genitourinary cancers: from biological mechanisms to clinical applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Before the seeds arrive: pre-metastatic niche orchestration in bladder cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Liquid biopsy in bladder cancer: towards precision oncology.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The metabolic plasticity of cancer stem cells: bidirectional crosstalk with organ-resident cells.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Hypoxia‑induced exosomal CAMTA1 promotes radio‑resistance in MDA‑MB‑231 cells by regulating NRG1 to mediate M2 macrophage polarization.International journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for High-Precision Bladder Cancer Subtyping and Prognosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- The circTIMP2/miR-106a/TIMP2 tumor-suppressive axis versus tumor-derived exosomal counteraction in gastric cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Multidimensional liquid biopsy in bladder cancer: advances in circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and metabolomics.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA-182-5p educates macrophages towards an immunosuppressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Decoding the role of exosomes in bladder cancer: focusing on tumor progression and immune microenvironment modulation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Cellular signaling meets bacterial infection: the integrative role of STAT3.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- From immune desert to hot tumor: the tripartite synergy of tumor microenvironment-exosomes-immunogenic cell death in pioneering solutions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Perspective on the integration of radiomics and spatial omics in the analysis of the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer and prospects for precision diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanorobots and Exosomes: Driving the New Frontier for Bladder Tumors through Non-Coding RNAs.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Hydrogel scaffold encapsulating MSC-Exos and ZIF-8 promotes bone regeneration via coordinating osteogenesis and immunomodulation.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Review
- Urinary extracellular vesicles for high-precision bladder cancer subtyping and prognosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy: Frontiers and challenges.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExosomes mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and other stromal cells including tumor associated macrophages plays an essential role in reprogramming tumor microenvironment (TME) to facilitate tumor progression. However, the mechanism of tumor derived exosomes promotes bladder cancer progression have not been defined.
methodsExosomes were extracted from bladder cancer cells MB49 conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. The effects of MB49-derived exosomes on macrophages polarization were analyzed by qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot. The immunosuppressive phenotype and function of MB49-derived exosomes stimulated macrophages were verified by tumor xenograft assays and T cell co-culture experiments. Exosomal miRNAs were analyzed by microarray to identify potential targets regulating macrophage polarization.
resultsMB49-derived exosomes could be ingested by macrophages, consequently promoting macrophages immunosuppressive polarization. Mechanically, the MB49-derived exosomes induced macrophage M2 polarization was mediated by down-regulation of PTEN and activation of AKT/STAT3/6 signaling. Moreover, hindrance of the generation or secretion of exosomes by GW4869 inhibited macrophages differentiation into immunosuppressive phenotype and function, thereby suppressed tumor growth in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model.
conclusionOur study confirmed the contribution of bladder cancer derived exosomes on the establishment of immunosuppressive TME and provided a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.