Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34521370›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of fatal patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in Wuhan, China.

Meng Jin, Zequn Lu, Xu Zhang, Yanan Wang, Jing Wang, Yimin Cai, Kunming Tian, Zezhong Xiong, Qiang Zhong, Xiao Ran and 21 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. [Experiences from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at UKSH Lübeck].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Meng Jin *Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Zequn Lu *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Xu Zhang *Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yanan Wang *Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Jing Wang *Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Yimin Cai *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Kunming TianInstitute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Zezhong XiongDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Qiang ZhongDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Xiao RanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Chunguang YangDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Xing ZengDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Lu WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Yao LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Shanshan ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Tianyi DongDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Xinying YueDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Heng LiDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Bo LiuDepartment of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Xin ChenDepartment of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Hongyuan CuiDepartment of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jirong QiDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Haining FanDepartment of General Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China.
Haixia LiComputer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Xiang-Ping YangDepartment of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Zhiquan HuDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Shaogang WangDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Jun Xiao *Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. junxiao_hust@163.com.
Ying Wang *Department of Virology, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China. wangyingxiehe@163.com.
Jianbo Tian *School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. tianjb@whu.edu.cn.
Zhihua Wang *Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. zhwang_hust@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-1457
Tongji Hospital · CNHuazhong University of Science and Technology · CNWuhan University · CNChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNMinistry of Ecology and Environment · CNNanjing Children's Hospital · CNQinghai University Affiliated Hospital · CN

Funding

China National Natural Science Foundation 81974400
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic, resulting in considerable mortality. The risk factors, clinical treatments, especially comprehensive risk models for COVID-19 death are urgently warranted.

methodsIn this retrospective study, 281 non-survivors and 712 survivors with propensity score matching by age, sex, and comorbidities were enrolled from January 13, 2020 to March 31, 2020.

resultsHigher SOFA, qSOFA, APACHE II and SIRS scores, hypoxia, elevated inflammatory cytokines, multi-organ dysfunction, decreased immune cell subsets, and complications were significantly associated with the higher COVID-19 death risk. In addition to traditional predictors for death risk, including APACHE II (AUC = 0.83), SIRS (AUC = 0.75), SOFA (AUC = 0.70) and qSOFA scores (AUC = 0.61), another four prediction models that included immune cells subsets (AUC = 0.90), multiple organ damage biomarkers (AUC = 0.89), complications (AUC = 0.88) and inflammatory-related indexes (AUC = 0.75) were established. Additionally, the predictive accuracy of combining these risk factors (AUC = 0.950) was also significantly higher than that of each risk group alone, which was significant for early clinical management for COVID-19.

conclusionsThe potential risk factors could help to predict the clinical prognosis of COVID-19 patients at an early stage. The combined model might be more suitable for the death risk evaluation of COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19SepsisHumansIntensive Care UnitsOrgan Dysfunction ScoresPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsROC CurveSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Death riskImmune cells subsetsRisk prediction models

Identifiers

PMID34521370
PMCPMC8439538
OpenAlexW3113377668

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.