Trial reportPloS one2021
The influence of neuromuscular blockade on phase lag entropy and bispectral index: A randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Continuous Infusion of Different Doses of Esketamine on the Bispectral Index During Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Comparative analysis of processed EEG indices and entropy-based metrics for assessing anesthetic depth: a scoping review - PRISMA-ScR.BMC biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Comparison of NeuroSENSEEuropean journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2026Article
- Impact of ageing on sevoflurane's hypnotic potency and induction kinetics during wash-in period: A prospective observational study.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of the effect of electromyogram to bispectral index and 95% spectral edge frequency under remimazolam and propofol anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on phase lag entropy (PLE) and the bispectral index (BIS). We recorded the BIS, electromyograph (EMG) activity on a BIS monitor (EMG_BIS), PLE, and EMG activity on a PLE monitor (EMG_PLE) in 40 patients receiving general anesthesia. During the awake state, we analyzed the changes in parameters before and 2 min after the eyes were closed. During sedation, we compared the changes in the parameters before and at 4 min after injecting rocuronium (group R) or normal saline (group C) between the two groups. During anesthesia, we compared the changes in parameters before and at 4 min after injecting sugammadex (group B) or normal saline (group D) between the two groups. During the awake state, the BIS, EMG_BIS, and EMG_PLE, but not PLE, decreased significantly with closed eyes. An effect of EMG on the BIS was evident, but not on PLE. During sedation, the BIS decreased with the decrease in EMG_BIS regardless of NMB caused by rocuronium, but NMB decreased PLE, although the degree of the decrease in EMG_PLE after NMB was similar to that after placebo. To determine the effect of NMB on electroencephalograms (EEGs) in groups R and C, we plotted the power spectra before and at 4 min after injecting rocuronium or normal saline. Changes in slow and delta frequency bands were observed at 4 min after injecting rocuronium relative to before injecting rocuronium. There was no effect of EMG on either the BIS or PLE during anesthesia. In conclusion, the effect of electromyograph activity and/or neuromuscular blockade on BIS or PLE depends on the level of consciousness.
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