ArticlePloS one2021
A national survey of antibacterial consumption in Sri Lanka.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic and genotypic landscape of antibiotic resistance through One Health approach in Sri Lanka: A systematic review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Pooled it
- Antibacterial consumption in four paediatric inpatient facilities in Sri Lanka in 2023: a cross-sectional descriptive study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Sri Lanka: a five-year trend analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Antibacterial consumption in public health facilities in Uganda: a trend analysis of national warehouse distribution data 2022-2024.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Rapid whole genome sequencing for AMR surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: Oxford Nanopore Technology reveals multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex from dairy farms in Sri Lanka.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- National consumption of antimicrobials in Tanzania: 2020-2022.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomic profiling of variants affecting efficacy and toxicity of anti-infective medicines in a south Asian population from Sri Lanka.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Ethiopian antimicrobial consumption trends in human health sector: A surveillance report 2020-2022.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and molecular insights into carbapenem resistance: a 2-year retrospective analysis of superbugs in South India.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A Review of the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Current Situation in Sri Lanka and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Response to antimicrobial resistance in South-East Asia Region.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- One Health Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Challenges and Successes of Implementing Surveillance Programs in Sri Lanka.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Investigating the drivers for antibiotic use and misuse amongst medical undergraduates-perspectives from a Sri Lankan medical school.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOptimizing the use of antibacterial medicines is an accepted strategy to combat the antibacterial resistance. Availability of reliable antibacterial consumption (ABC) data is a prerequisite to implement this strategy.
objectivesTo quantify and describe the national ABC in Sri Lanka and to examine any differences in the consumption between public and private sector.
methodsThe methodology for this survey was adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for a global programme on surveillance of antimicrobial consumption. Aggregate data on national consumption of systemic antibacterials (J01- Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) for 2017 were retrospectively extracted from all available data sources and classified using ATC classification. Quantity of consumption was converted to Defined Daily Doses (DDDs). Data are presented as total consumption and comparison between the public and private sector. Selected key quality indicators of ABC were compared between these two sectors.
findingsFrom the available data sources, the total ABC in 2017 was 343.46 million DDDs. Private sector consumption accounted for 246.76 million DDDs compared to 97.96 million DDDs distributed to entire public sector by the Ministry of Health. Beta-lactam-penicillins antibacterial group accounted for 58.79% in public sector compared to 27.48% in private sector while macrolides, quinolones and other beta-lactam antibacterials accounted for 60.51% in the private compared to 28.41% in public sector. Consumption of Reserve group antibacterials was negligible, and limited to private sector. Watch category antibacterials accounted for 46%, 24% and 54% of the total, public and private sector consumption, respectively.
conclusionsA disproportionately higher use of broad spectrum and Watch category antibacterials was observed in the private sector which needs further study. This national consumption survey highlights the need and provides the opening for establishment of ABC surveillance in Sri Lanka.
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