Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2021
Leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation, resistance-based exercise, and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02912130 (The Multidimensional Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Musculoskeletal Functioning, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Age-related Sarcopenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Multidimensional Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Musculoskeletal Functioning, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Age-related Sarcopenia
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of supplementation with milk proteins on inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Arterial stiffness adaptations to chronic resistance and aerobic exercise: a systematic review of exercise modalities.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammatory Profile of Older Adults in Response to Physical Activity and Diet Supplementation: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation, resistance-based exercise, and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- BCAA Metabolic Dyshomeostasis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Intervention.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026Review
- Whey protein supplementation and exercise in older adults: a narrative review of potential effects on muscle-brain axis, physical function, and related outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Effects and mechanisms of different exercise modalities on inflammation in older adults, particularly with sarcopenia: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Multidimensional Analysis of Serum Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin Levels and Their Correlation with Childhood Obesity Based on Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition, Muscular Strength, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Pairwise Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of amino acid metabolism in osteoporosis: Effects on the bone microenvironment and treatment strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting muscle-vasculature crosstalk in aging through the integrative roles of L-citrulline, leucine, and exercise: focus on muscle metabolism, vascular function, and sarcopenia prevention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Effects of branched-chain amino acids on the muscle-brain metabolic axis: enhancing energy metabolism and neurological functions, and endurance exercise in aging-related conditions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in abdominal aortic aneurysm.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The ZJU index is associated with the risk of sarcopenia in American adults aged 20-59: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- The association between non‑high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol to high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and low muscle mass in adults aged 20-59: a population-based study in the United States.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Long-term exercise training and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing protein intake (above the Recommended Dietary Amount) alone or with resistance-based exercise is suggested to improve cardiometabolic health; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm this.
methodsThe Liverpool Hope University-Sarcopenia Aging Trial (LHU-SAT) was a 16 week RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02912130) of 100 community-dwelling older adults [mean age: 68.73 ± 5.80 years, body mass index: 27.06 ± 5.18 kg/m
resultsTotal protein intake (habitual diet plus supplementation) increased to 1.55 ± 0.69 g/kg/day in EP and to 1.93 ± 0.72 g/kg/day in P, and remained significantly lower (P < 0.001) in unsupplemented groups (E: 1.08 ± 0.33 g/kg/day, C: 1.00 ± 0.26 g/kg/day). At 16 weeks, there was a group-by-time interaction whereby absolute changes in LDL-cholesterol were lower in EP [mean difference: -0.79 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.29, -0.28, P = 0.002] and P (mean difference: -0.76 mmol/L, 95% CI: -1.26, -0.26, P = 0.003) vs. C. Serum insulin also showed group-by-time interactions at 16 weeks whereby fold changes were lower in EP (mean difference: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.65, -0.16, P = 0.001) and P (mean difference: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.08, P = 0.009) vs. C, and fold changes in HOMA-IR improved in EP (mean difference: -0.37, 95% CI: -0.64, -0.10, P = 0.007) and P (mean difference: -0.27, 95% CI: -0.53, -0.00, P = 0.048) vs. C. Serum resistin declined in P only (group-by-time interaction at 16 weeks: P = 0.009). No other interactions were observed in outcome measures (P > 0.05), and kidney function (eGFR) remained unaltered.
conclusionsSixteen weeks of leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation alone and combined with resistance-based exercise improved cardiometabolic health markers in older adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.