Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34519916›Full record

ArticleVirologica Sinica2021

Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection Induces Glycolysis to Facilitate Viral Replication.

Lehao Ren, Wanju Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jiaxiang Zhang, Huiying Zhang, Yong Zhu, Xiaoxiao Meng, Zhigang Yi, Ruilan Wang

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virologica Sinica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Host metabolic responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: parallels and contrasts.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026
    Review
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  15. Emerging microbes & infections · 2025
    Article
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  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. ARRDC4-mediated glycolysis enhances innate immunity to influenza A virus through fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Lehao Ren *Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Wanju Zhang *Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Jing Zhang *Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Jiaxiang ZhangDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Huiying ZhangDepartment of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
Yong ZhuDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Xiaoxiao MengDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Zhigang YiDepartment of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. zgyi@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-4970
Ruilan WangDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China. wangyusun@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-2649
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · CNShanghai Public Health Clinical Center · CNSun Yat-sen University · CNShanghai Municipal Center For Disease Control Prevention · CNUnion Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viruses depend on host cellular metabolism to provide the energy and biosynthetic building blocks required for their replication. In this study, we observed that influenza A virus (H1N1), a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus with an eight-segmented genome, enhanced glycolysis both in mouse lung tissues and in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. In detail, the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), the first enzyme in glycolysis, was upregulated in H1N1-infected A549 cells, and the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) was upregulated in H1N1-infected mouse lung tissues. Pharmacologically inhibiting the glycolytic pathway or targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the central transcriptional factor critical for glycolysis, significantly reduced H1N1 replication, revealing a requirement for glycolysis during H1N1 infection. In addition, pharmacologically enhancing the glycolytic pathway further promoted H1N1 replication. Furthermore, the change of H1N1 replication upon glycolysis inhibition or enhancement was independent of interferon signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that influenza A virus induces the glycolytic pathway and thus facilitates efficient viral replication. This study raises the possibility that metabolic inhibitors, such as those that target glycolysis, could be used to treat influenza A virus infection in the future.

Indexed as

Influenza A virusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeA549 CellsAnimalsGlycolysisHumansMiceVirus ReplicationGlycolysisH1N1Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)InterferonReplication

Identifiers

PMID34519916
PMCPMC8692537
OpenAlexW3199701791

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.