Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34519568›Full record

ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2022

The influence of race on parental beliefs and concerns during an autism diagnosis: A mixed-method analysis.

Gazi Azad, Calliope Holingue, Danika Pfeiffer, Emily Dillon, Rachel Reetzke, Luke Kalb, Deepa Menon, Ji Su Hong, Rebecca Landa

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Parent concerns prior to an assessment of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Black Caregiver Perspectives During a Developmental Diagnostic Interview.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  8. Unpacking the prevalence: A warning against overstating the recently narrowed gap for Black autistic youth.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Gazi AzadColumbia University Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0395-4355
Calliope HolingueKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8190-2385
Danika PfeifferKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Emily DillonKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Rachel ReetzkeJohns Hopkins University, USA.
Luke KalbKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Deepa MenonKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Ji Su HongKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Rebecca LandaKennedy Krieger Institute, USA.
Kennedy Krieger Institute · USCornell University · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Partners in School: Promoting Continuity across Home and School for Children with Autism by Improving Parent-Teacher Communication during the Transition to SchoolK23MH119331 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI AZAD, GAZI FERDOUSI · 2020 to 2023
$655k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH119331
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

lay abstractThe goal of this study was to examine if there were differences between races in parental concern and belief about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the perspectives of clinicians. We studied 489 children with ASD who were having their first evaluation at an ASD clinic. Parents of White children most often believed that their child had ASD. However, White children whose parents believed the child had ASD were less severe in their symptoms. Parents of Black/African American or Hispanic children were more likely to have concerns about communication than parents of White children. In Hispanic families, parental concern about social communication was related to more severe symptoms in children. We discuss the implications of our findings for diagnosis.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderChildFamilyHispanic or LatinoHumansParentsautismdiagnosisparental concernsrace

Identifiers

PMID34519568
PMCPMC8918438
OpenAlexW3201056919

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.