ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2021
Privately Insured Transgender People Are At Elevated Risk For Chronic Conditions Compared With Cisgender Counterparts.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and Incidence of Heart Failure Phenotypes Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race and Gender in Medicare Fee for Service.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Chronic Conditions and Health Care Use Comparison Between Transgender/Gender Diverse and Cisgender Medicare Beneficiaries.Transgender health · 2025Article
- The AFFIRM Framework for gender-affirming care: qualitative findings from the Transgender and Gender Diverse Health Equity Study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Chronic Health Conditions, Disability, and Physical and Cognitive Limitations among LGBTQ+ Cancer Survivors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Doing Justice: Ethical Considerations Identifying and Researching Transgender and Gender Diverse People in Insurance Claims Data.Journal of medical systems · 2024Article
- Common Patterns of Cisgender Use in Public Health Articles and Their Implications for Gender Inclusivity Efforts, 2013‒2020.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- A comparison of chronic conditions between transgender and cisgender individuals with recent incarceration and in the community in a United States county.International journal of transgender health · 2024Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Relation With Cardiovascular Disease in Cisgender Women and Transgender People.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Frailty Among Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: The All of Us Database.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Registered Dietitian Nutritionists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Regarding Nutrition for the Transgender Population in Three New England States: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Affirming Care with Chronic Disease and Preventive Care Outcomes among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Older Adults.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Disparities in health condition diagnoses among aging transgender and cisgender medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- US Black-White Differences in Mortality Risk Among Transgender and Cisgender People in Private Insurance, 2011-2019.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Differences in All-Cause Mortality Among Transgender and Non-Transgender People Enrolled in Private Insurance.Demography · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The burden of morbidity among privately insured transgender people is largely unknown. We identified transgender people enrolled in private insurance (using claims from 2001-19) and compared their rates of selected chronic conditions, using the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, with claims for a matched cisgender cohort. We documented disparities between transgender and cisgender people across most conditions and found that transgender people were at elevated risk for nearly all chronic conditions compared with their cisgender counterparts. We also found that trans masculine and nonbinary people had the highest predicted average number of chronic conditions compared with all other gender groups. Our findings highlight key gender differences in morbidity between and within transgender and cisgender populations, and they underscore the importance of collecting gender identity information in national surveillance efforts to increase understanding of the health disparities among transgender and cisgender populations. In addition, these findings underscore the need for nondiscrimination protections for transgender people in the US.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.