Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34519210›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2021

Addressing Urgent Questions for PFAS in the 21st Century.

Carla Ng, Ian T Cousins, Jamie C DeWitt, Juliane Glüge, Gretta Goldenman, Dorte Herzke, Rainer Lohmann, Mark Miller, Sharyle Patton, Martin Scheringer and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science & technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Is drinking water with low PFAS a significant source of human exposure? Evidence summary.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026
    Review
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  17. Systems approaches in public health: beyond mapping the causes.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Review
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  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.

Carla NgDepartments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5521-7862
Ian T CousinsDepartment of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7035-8660
Jamie C DeWittDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, United States.
Juliane GlügeInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Gretta GoldenmanMilieu Consulting SPRL, 1060 Brussels, Belgium.
Dorte HerzkeNorwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
Rainer LohmannGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8796-3229
Mark MillerNational Institute of Environmental Health Science and U.S. Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.
Sharyle PattonHealth and Environment Program, Commonweal, Bolinas, California 94924, United States.
Martin ScheringerInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0809-7826
Xenia TrierEuropean Environment Agency, Kgs Nytorv 6, DK-1050 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Zhanyun WangChair of Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9914-7659
ETH Zurich · CHCommonweal · USEast Carolina University · USEuropean Environment Agency · DKLeefmilieu Brussel · BEMasaryk University · CZNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USNILU · NOStockholm University · SEUniversity of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of Rhode Island · US

Funding

Sources, Transport, Exposure & Effects of PFAS (STEEP) Center - RENEWALP42ES027706 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND · PI Harrison Dekker · 2017 to 2026
$18.9M
NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES027706
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite decades of research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), fundamental obstacles remain to addressing worldwide contamination by these chemicals and their associated impacts on environmental quality and health. Here, we propose six urgent questions relevant to science, technology, and policy that must be tackled to address the "PFAS problem": (1) What are the global production volumes of PFAS, and where are PFAS used? (2) Where are the unknown PFAS hotspots in the environment? (3) How can we make measuring PFAS globally accessible? (4) How can we safely manage PFAS-containing waste? (5) How do we understand and describe the health effects of PFAS exposure? (6) Who pays the costs of PFAS contamination? The importance of each question and barriers to progress are briefly described, and several potential paths forward are proposed. Given the diversity of PFAS and their uses, the extreme persistence of most PFAS, the striking ongoing lack of fundamental information, and the inequity of the health and environmental impacts from PFAS contamination, there is a need for scientific and regulatory communities to work together, with cooperation from PFAS-related industries, to fill in critical data gaps and protect human health and the environment.

Indexed as

FluorocarbonsHumansFluorocarbonsenvironmentequityglobalhealthPFASpolicy

Identifiers

PMID34519210
PMCPMC8590733
OpenAlexW3201607671

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.