Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34518942›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutical research2021

Interactions of Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins with the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Elizabeth M Rhea, William A Banks

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed
11.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  10. Review
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  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Endothelial gateways for brain lipid uptake and metabolism.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elizabeth M RheaResearch and Development, Veterans Affairs - Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.
William A BanksDivision of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. wabanks1@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3619
University of Washington · US

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Sakeneh Zraika · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066509 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI SUMAN JAYADEV · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
Effects of apoE Isoform, Sex and Diet on Insulin Regulation in BrainRF1AG059088 · NIA · SEATTLE INST FOR BIOMEDICAL/CLINICAL RES · PI BANKS, WILLIAM A, RABER, JACOB · 2018 to 2020
$2.5M
NIA NIH HHS 1R01AG059088NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066509NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG059088NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lipids and lipoproteins are a diverse group of substances and their interactions with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is similarly diverse. Some lipoproteins such as high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoJ, some free fatty acids, and triglycerides cross the BBB whereas others such as apoE do not. Some forms of cholesterol can cross the BBB and others do not. Lipids can have effects on BBB preservation and function: HDL may protect the BBB during multiple sclerosis, cholesterol can disrupt the BBB, and triglycerides inhibit the transport of leptin across the BBB and the activation of the hypothalamic leptin receptor. ApoE is associated with many effects on the BBB, with the specific isoform apoE4 having detrimental effects. In summary, the diverse ways in which lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins interact with the BBB is important in both health and disease.

Indexed as

AnimalsApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins EBlood-Brain BarrierCholesterolHumansLipidsLipoproteinsLipoproteins, HDLTriglyceridesApolipoproteinsApolipoproteins ECholesterolLipidsLipoproteinsLipoproteins, HDLTriglyceridesapolipoproteinapolipoprotein Eblood-brain barriercholesterolHDLlipidslipoproteinstriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID34518942
PMCPMC8901411
OpenAlexW3200111529

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.