Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34518551›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Relief of excited-state antiaromaticity enables the smallest red emitter.

Heechan Kim, Woojin Park, Younghun Kim, Michael Filatov, Cheol Ho Choi, Dongwhan Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Large Stokes shift fluorophores fromChemical science · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Limitations of MRSF-TDDFT for Applications in Photochemistry.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Craig Excited-State Aromaticity in Metallabenzenes: How, When, and Why?Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Taxonomy of Chemical Bondings: Opportunities and Challenges.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Baird's rules at the tipping point.Nature chemistry · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Heechan Kim *Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-5745
Woojin Park *Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-6674
Younghun KimDepartment of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-7667
Michael FilatovDepartment of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. mike.filatov@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1541-739X
Cheol Ho ChoiDepartment of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. cchoi@knu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-1396
Dongwhan LeeDepartment of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. dongwhan@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-9296

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2018H1A2A1060348National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2019H1D3A2A02102948National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2020R1A5A1019141
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is commonly accepted that a large π-conjugated system is necessary to realize low-energy electronic transitions. Contrary to this prevailing notion, we present a new class of light-emitters utilizing a simple benzene core. Among different isomeric forms of diacetylphenylenediamine (DAPA), o- and p-DAPA are fluorescent, whereas m-DAPA is not. Remarkably, p-DAPA is the lightest (FW = 192) molecule displaying red emission. A systematic modification of the DAPA system allows the construction of a library of emitters covering the entire visible color spectrum. Theoretical analysis shows that their large Stokes shifts originate from the relief of excited-state antiaromaticity, rather than the typically assumed intramolecular charge transfer or proton transfer. A delicate interplay of the excited-state antiaromaticity and hydrogen bonding defines the photophysics of this new class of single benzene fluorophores. The formulated molecular design rules suggest that an extended π-conjugation is no longer a prerequisite for a long-wavelength light emission.

Identifiers

PMID34518551
PMCPMC8438045

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.