Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34518339›Full record

ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2022

Mechanisms of Chromosome Folding and Nuclear Organization: Their Interplay and Open Questions.

Leonid Mirny, Job Dekker

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. CAD-C: An engineered nuclease enables repair-freebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. The Roles of Topoisomerases in Transcriptional Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. The importance of spatial structure in biology.European journal for philosophy of science · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Leonid MirnyInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Job DekkerHoward Hughes Medical Institute, and Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Structural Annotation of the Human GenomeR01HG003143 · NHGRI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Job Dekker · 2003 to 2026
$15.4M
Center for 3D Structure and Physics of the GenomeU54DK107980 · NIDDK · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI DEKKER, JOB · 2015 to 2019
$14.9M
Center for 3D Structure and Physics of the GenomeUM1HG011536 · NHGRI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI DEKKER, JOB, MIRNY, LEONID A · 2020 to 2024
$11.8M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003143NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG011536NIDDK NIH HHS U54 DK107980
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microscopy and genomic approaches provide detailed descriptions of the three-dimensional folding of chromosomes and nuclear organization. The fundamental question is how activity of molecules at the nanometer scale can lead to complex and orchestrated spatial organization at the scale of chromosomes and the whole nucleus. At least three key mechanisms can bridge across scales: (1) tethering of specific loci to nuclear landmarks leads to massive reorganization of the nucleus; (2) spatial compartmentalization of chromatin, which is driven by molecular affinities, results in spatial isolation of active and inactive chromatin; and (3) loop extrusion activity of SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) complexes can explain many features of interphase chromatin folding and underlies key phenomena during mitosis. Interestingly, many features of chromosome organization ultimately result from collective action and the interplay between these mechanisms, and are further modulated by transcription and topological constraints. Finally, we highlight some outstanding questions that are critical for our understanding of nuclear organization and function. We believe many of these questions can be answered in the coming years.

Indexed as

Cell NucleusChromosomesChromatinGenomeInterphaseChromatin

Identifiers

PMID34518339
PMCPMC9248823
OpenAlexW3200376887

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.