ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Aire regulates chromatin looping by evicting CTCF from domain boundaries and favoring accumulation of cohesin on superenhancers.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Dose-dependent sensitivity of human three-dimensional chromatin to a heart disease-linked transcription factor.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Liquid condensates: a new barrier to loop extrusion?Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- High-resolution transcriptional impact of AIRE: effects of pathogenic variants p.Arg257Ter, p.Cys311Tyr, and polygenic risk variant p.Arg471Cys.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Transcript splicing optimizes the thymic self-antigen repertoire to suppress autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Thymic Mimetic Cells: Ontogeny as Immunology.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Z-DNA marks the spot for AIRE.Cell research · 2024Article
- Aire in Autoimmunity.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Hnf4 activates mimetic-cell enhancers to recapitulate gut and liver development within the thymus.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- GILoop: Robust chromatin loop calling across multiple sequencing depths on Hi-C data.iScience · 2022Article
- CTLA-4 on thymic epithelial cells complements Aire for T cell central tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Thymic mimetic cells: tolerogenic masqueraders.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Review
- Cohesin-Mediated Chromatin Interactions and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aire controls immunological tolerance by driving promiscuous expression of a large swath of the genome in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Its molecular mechanism remains enigmatic. High-resolution chromosome-conformation capture (Hi-C) experiments on ex vivo mTECs revealed Aire to have a widespread impact on higher-order chromatin structure, disfavoring architectural loops while favoring transcriptional loops. In the presence of Aire, cohesin complexes concentrated on superenhancers together with mediator complexes, while the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was relatively depleted from structural domain boundaries. In particular, Aire associated with the cohesin loader, NIPBL, strengthening this factor's affiliation with cohesin's enzymatic subunits. mTEC transcripts up-regulated in the presence of Aire corresponded closely to those down-regulated in the absence of one of the cohesin subunits, SA-2. A mechanistic model incorporating these findings explains many of the unusual features of Aire's impact on mTEC transcription, providing molecular insight into tolerance induction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.