Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34518232›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Machine learning potentials for complex aqueous systems made simple.

Christoph Schran, Fabian L Thiemann, Patrick Rowe, Erich A Müller, Ondrej Marsalek, Angelos Michaelides

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. A unified machine-learning framework for ab initio multiscale modeling of liquids.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Short-Range Machine-Learning Potentials for Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The CP2K Program Package Made Simple.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Ab initio machine-learning simulation of calcium carbonate from aqueous solutions to the solid state.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Weighted active space protocol for multireference machine-learned potentials.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  15. COProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  16. Tuning water dissociation at oxide-electrolyte interfaces with electric fields.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Surface melting-driven hydrogen absorption for high-pressure polyhydride synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christoph SchranYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; cs2121@cam.ac.uk am452@cam.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-4595-5073
Fabian L ThiemannYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2951-6740
Patrick RoweYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
Erich A MüllerDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1513-6686
Ondrej MarsalekCharles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-8624-8837
Angelos MichaelidesYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom; cs2121@cam.ac.uk am452@cam.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9169-169X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Simulation techniques based on accurate and efficient representations of potential energy surfaces are urgently needed for the understanding of complex systems such as solid-liquid interfaces. Here we present a machine learning framework that enables the efficient development and validation of models for complex aqueous systems. Instead of trying to deliver a globally optimal machine learning potential, we propose to develop models applicable to specific thermodynamic state points in a simple and user-friendly process. After an initial ab initio simulation, a machine learning potential is constructed with minimum human effort through a data-driven active learning protocol. Such models can afterward be applied in exhaustive simulations to provide reliable answers for the scientific question at hand or to systematically explore the thermal performance of ab initio methods. We showcase this methodology on a diverse set of aqueous systems comprising bulk water with different ions in solution, water on a titanium dioxide surface, and water confined in nanotubes and between molybdenum disulfide sheets. Highlighting the accuracy of our approach with respect to the underlying ab initio reference, the resulting models are evaluated in detail with an automated validation protocol that includes structural and dynamical properties and the precision of the force prediction of the models. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of our approach for the description of water on the rutile titanium dioxide (110) surface to analyze the structure and mobility of water on this surface. Such machine learning models provide a straightforward and uncomplicated but accurate extension of simulation time and length scales for complex systems.

Indexed as

aqueous phasemachine learning potentialssolid–liquid systems

Identifiers

PMID34518232
PMCPMC8463804

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.