Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34518219›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Therapeutic inhibition of USP9x-mediated Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer.

Arushi Jaiswal, Kiichi Murakami, Andrew Elia, Yukiko Shibahara, Susan J Done, Stephen A Wood, Nicholas J Donato, Pamela S Ohashi, Michael Reedijk

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Targeting ubiquitination in disease and therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Arushi JaiswalDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2503-7040
Kiichi MurakamiPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
Andrew EliaPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
Yukiko ShibaharaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Susan J DoneDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1770-988X
Stephen A WoodGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia.
Nicholas J DonatoDepartment of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Pamela S OhashiDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Michael ReedijkDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; michael.reedijk@uhn.ca.
University Health Network · CAGriffith University · AUUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that lacks targeted treatment options. The activation of the Notch developmental signaling pathway, which is a feature of TNBC, results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of protumoral macrophages to the tumor microenvironment. While the Notch pathway is an obvious therapeutic target, its activity is ubiquitous, and predictably, anti-Notch therapies are burdened with significant on-target side effects. Previously, we discovered that, under conditions of cellular stress commonly found in the tumor microenvironment, the deubiquitinase USP9x forms a multiprotein complex with the pseudokinase tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) that together activate the Notch pathway. Herein, we provide preclinical studies that support the potential of therapeutic USP9x inhibition to deactivate Notch. Using a murine TNBC model, we show that USP9x knockdown abrogates Notch activation, reducing the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Concomitant with these molecular changes, a reduction in tumor inflammation, the augmentation of antitumor immune response, and the suppression of tumor growth were observed. The pharmacological inhibition of USP9x using G9, a partially selective, small-molecule USP9x inhibitor, reduced Notch activity, remodeled the tumor immune landscape, and reduced tumor growth without associated toxicity. Proving the role of Notch, the ectopic expression of the activated Notch1 intracellular domain rescued G9-induced effects. This work supports the potential of USP9x inhibition to target Notch in metabolically vulnerable tissues like TNBC, while sparing normal Notch-dependent tissues.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCytokinesGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHEK293 CellsHumansInterleukin-1betaMacrophagesMiceReceptors, NotchSignal TransductionTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentUbiquitin ThiolesteraseCytokinesInterleukin-1betaReceptors, NotchUbiquitin ThiolesteraseUSP9X protein, humanbreast cancercytokineNotchTAMsUSP9x

Identifiers

PMID34518219
PMCPMC8463885
OpenAlexW3200648868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.