ReviewGut pathogens2021
The use of biomarkers associated with leaky gut as a diagnostic tool for early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
Review in Gut pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The search for gastrointestinal inflammation in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-invasive gastrointestinal markers.Molecular autism · 2024Pooled it
- An Open-Label Case Series of Glutathione Use for Symptomatic Management in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Trial
- Microbiome biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: Toward prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Research progress on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Melatonin Improves Intestinal Barrier Impairment in a Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biology · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiotas, Plasma Metabolites, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emerging Epigenetic Therapeutics and Diagnostics for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Parental Faecal Microbiome Transplantation from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Behavior and Gastrointestinal Manifestations in the Male Offspring of Shank3 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intestinal Metabolome for Diagnosing and Prognosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Luteolin mitigates oxidative stress and multi-organ impairment in a propionic acid-induced rodent model of autism.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The gut-brain connection: microbes' influence on mental health and psychological disorders.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Review
- Cross-generational mechanisms of maternal gut microbiota in modulating offspring autism spectrum disorder risk: from the gut-brain axis to translational challenges in precision interventions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Does constipation affect the effectiveness of washed microbiota transplantation in treating autism spectrum disorders?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota, Bacterial Translocation, and Stroke: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Improved Gut Health May Be a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Managing Prediabetes: A Literature Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis in binge-eating disorder: Towards microbiome-based therapies.Neuroscience applied · 2024Review
- Article
- Gut-Kidney-Heart: A Novel Trilogy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Exploring the Potential Role of ADAM 17 and ADAM 22 in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Developmental vitamin D-deficiency produces autism-relevant behaviours and gut-health associated alterations in a rat model.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInnovative research highlighted the probable connection between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota as many autistic individuals have gastrointestinal problems as co-morbidities. This review emphasizes the role of altered gut microbiota observed frequently in autistic patients, and the mechanisms through which such alterations may trigger leaky gut. MAIN BODY: Different bacterial metabolite levels in the blood and urine of autistic children, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, beta-cresol, and bacterial toxins, were reviewed. Moreover, the importance of selected proteins, among which are calprotectin, zonulin, and lysozyme, were discussed as biomarkers for the early detection of leaky gut as an etiological mechanism of ASD through the less integrative gut-blood-brain barriers. Disrupted gut-blood-brain barriers can explain the leakage of bacterial metabolites in these patients.
conclusionAlthough the cause-to-effect relationship between ASD and altered gut microbiota is not yet well understood, this review shows that with the consumption of specific diets, definite probiotics may represent a noninvasive tool to reestablish healthy gut microbiota and stimulate gut health. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of intestinal proteins and bacterial-derived compounds as new possible biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.