ArticlePsychiatry investigation2021
Smartphone Screen Time Among University Students in Lebanon and Its Association With Insomnia, Bedtime Procrastination, and Body Mass Index During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comprehensive effects and dose-response relationship of screen exposure on university students' physical and mental health and academic performance in the digital age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analytic reliability generalization study of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Bedtime procrastination and psychological distress in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of their association.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Transdiagnostic CBT for bedtime procrastination: a pilot randomized controlled trial targeting behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Objective screen time and smartphone addiction symptoms in defining risky smartphone use: A cross-sectional study of university students.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Using Machine Learning to Analyze the Predictors of Life Satisfaction: Focus on Lifestyle Attitudes and Psychological Factors.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Associations of excessive smartphone duration and unlock frequency with non-suicidal self-injury in college students.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Investigating eating patterns and risk factors of weight status among undergraduate students in a multinational cross-sectional study across 15 countries with 8,482 participants.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Relationships of mobile phone duration and unlock counts with sleep: double machine learning and traditional statistical methods.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mobile Phone Addiction and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents: School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Exploring Sleep and Physical Activity among Young Adults Across Asia: A Systematic Literature Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Review
- Objectively Measured Smartphone Use and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Pre-sleep screen time and screen time addiction as shared determinants of poor sleep and obesity in adolescents aged 11-14 years in Scotland.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Associations of smart device apps with and without a perceived self-efficacy component in a physical activity context with BMI.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Tomorrow Never Comes: The Risks of Procrastination for Adolescent Health.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Review
- Self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use and their association with overweight and cardiometabolic risk markers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Regional Agriculture and Food Systems Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Near East and North Africa Region.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Predictors of insomnia among undergraduate students at Hawassa University Sidama, Ethiopia, 2023: a facility-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Relationship between Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality and Bedtime Procrastination: A Mediation Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of increased smartphone screen time with insomnia, bedtime procrastination, depression, anxiety, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
methodsAn online survey was performed for university students from all regions of Lebanon during the lockdown. The survey included questionnaires about smartphone screen time, diet, physical activity, psychological symptoms, and bedtime procrastination. We defined 6 hours of smartphone use as critical based on a survey done in United States.
resultsAmong female students, smartphone use duration, physical activity levels, BMI, depression, anxiety, and insomnia severity were significantly higher than in male. When we stratified participants based on 6 hours of smartphone use, females, unhealthy food consumption, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and bedtime procrastination were significantly higher in the group with ≥6 hours of smartphone use. When we divided based on 7 hours, physical activity and body weight also differed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female, overweight, insomnia, and bedtime procrastination were significant predictors of a phone screen time of 7 hours.
conclusionOur findings suggest that adults should be more cautious and responsible when using smartphones and be more concerned about the health-related risks.
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