ReviewEBioMedicine2021
"You cannot stay in the laboratory forever"*: Taking pig kidney xenotransplantation from the laboratory to the clinic.
Review in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Xenotransplantation: Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Immune-Mediated Injury.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Characterizing coagulation responses in humans and nonhuman primates following kidney xenotransplantation-A narrative review.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Genetically modified pigs with α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout and beyond: a comprehensive review of xenotransplantation strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Consistent survival in consecutive cases of life-supporting porcine kidney xenotransplantation using 10GE source pigs.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcriptional and cell subpopulation differences between human and pig immune cells.Genes & genomics · 2024Article
- Kidney Xenotransplantation: Are We Ready for Prime Time?Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Kidney xenotransplantation: Future clinical reality or science fiction?Nursing & health sciences · 2023Article
- Practical ethical concerns in allocation of pig kidneys to humans.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Article
- Cardiology of the future: xenotransplantation with porcine heart.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Immune disguise: the mechanisms of Neu5Gc inducing autoimmune and transplant rejection.Genes and immunity · 2022Review
- Nerve regeneration in transplanted organs and tracer imaging studies: A review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Invited commentary.Xenotransplantation · 2022Article
- Genetically engineered pig kidney transplantation in a brain-dead human subject.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
- Patients' Information Needs for Informed Consent to Participate in First-in-Human Pig Kidney Xenotransplant Clinical Trials: A Mixed Methods Study.XenotransplantationArticle
- Transplant Patients' Perceptions About Participating in First-in-Human Pig Kidney Xenotransplant Clinical Trials: A Mixed Methods Study.XenotransplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Progress in life-supporting kidney transplantation in the genetically-engineered pig-to-nonhuman primate model has been encouraging, with pig kidneys sometimes supporting life for > 1 year. What steps need to be taken by (i) the laboratory team, and (ii) the clinical team to prepare for the first clinical trial? The major topics include (i) what currently-available genetic modifications are optimal to reduce the possibility of graft rejection, (ii) what immunosuppressive therapeutic regimen is optimal, and (iii) what steps need to be taken to minimize the risk of transfer of an infectious microorganism with the graft. We suggest that patients who are unlikely to live long enough to receive a kidney from a deceased human donor would benefit from the opportunity of a period of dialysis-free support by a pig kidney, and the experience gained would enable xenotransplantation to progress much more rapidly than if we remain in the laboratory.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.