ArticleScience advances2021
Classifying chronic pain using multidimensional pain-agnostic symptom assessments and clustering analysis.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- PROGRESS: A patient-centered engagement infrastructure and multi-level approach to enrich diversity, equity, and inclusion in a national randomized online behavioral pain treatment study.The journal of pain · 2025Trial
- Establishing the interpretability and utility of the 4-item BriefPCS.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Brain mechanisms of pain anticipation in chronic low back pain: Insights into phenotypical responses to mind-body therapy.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Distinct multidimensional anger profiles predict current and long-term chronic pain outcomes.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Psychological and somatic distress profiles in young adults in and out of conflict settings: a cluster-based analysis of three population-based studies in Ukraine and Switzerland.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Patterns of Pain in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Latent Class Analysis.Pain and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Statistical Validation of Unsupervised Clustering for Adolescent TMD: A Cross-Sectional Study.Oral diseases · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine for chronic pain management: From pathophysiology to engineered drug delivery systems.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Beyond pain intensity: Validating single-item pain bothersomeness measures.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Innovations in acute and chronic pain biomarkers: enhancing diagnosis and personalized therapy.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
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- Article
- Is There an Association Between Lateralization of Chronic Pain in the Body and Depression?The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Nociplastic Pain: A Critical Paradigm for Multidisciplinary Recognition and Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Expectation of pain and relief: A dynamical model of the neural basis for pain-trauma co-morbidity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- A Longitudinal Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on Patients With Chronic Pain.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Trials and Learning Health Systems in Pain Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges.Anesthesiology clinics · 2023Review
- Unsupervised learning for prognostic validity in patients with chronic pain in transdisciplinary pain care.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain conditions present in various forms, yet all feature symptomatic impairments in physical, mental, and social domains. Rather than assessing symptoms as manifestations of illness, we used them to develop a chronic pain classification system. A cohort of real-world treatment-seeking patients completed a multidimensional patient-reported registry as part of a routine initial evaluation in a multidisciplinary academic pain clinic. We applied hierarchical clustering on a training subset of 11,448 patients using nine pain-agnostic symptoms. We then validated a three-cluster solution reflecting a graded scale of severity across all symptoms and eight independent pain-specific measures in additional subsets of 3817 and 1273 patients. Negative affect–related factors were key determinants of cluster assignment. The smallest subset included follow-up assessments that were predicted by baseline cluster assignment. Findings provide a cost-effective classification system that promises to improve clinical care and alleviate suffering by providing putative markers for personalized diagnosis and prognosis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.