ArticleScience advances2021
A universal bacteriophage T4 nanoparticle platform to design multiplex SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates by CRISPR engineering.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Immune Protection Effect of an OmpC-Recombinant T4 Bacteriophage Vaccine Against Infection Caused by Extraintestinal PathogenicVaccines · 2026Article
- Emerging CRISPR Approaches for Countering Immune Evasion: Insight from Recent Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Engineered Low-Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual-Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Bacteriophages as vaccine platforms: Opportunities and challenges in translation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in the Role of Bacteriophages in the Aetiology and Therapy of Vaginal Dysbiosis in the Form of Bacterial Vaginosis and the Prevention of Preterm Birth.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Development of a nonreplicative phage-based DNA delivery system and its application to antimicrobial therapies.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Article
- A Modular Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform Enables Rapid Design of Dual COVID-19-Flu Mucosal Vaccines.Small science · 2025Article
- Second-Generation Phage Lambda Platform Employing SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Proteins as a Vaccine Candidate.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Bacteriophage T4 as a Protein-Based, Adjuvant- and Needle-Free, Mucosal Pandemic Vaccine Design Platform.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Precision in Action: The Role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas in Gene Therapies.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Harnessing CRISPR technology for viral therapeutics and vaccines: from preclinical studies to clinical applications.Virus research · 2024Review
- Antigen self-anchoring onto bacteriophage T5 capsid-like particles for vaccine design.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Virus-like particle encapsulation of functional proteins: advances and applications.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Review
- A Digital PCR Method Based on Highly Specific Taq for Detecting Gene Editing and Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Design of bacteriophage T4-based artificial viral vectors for human genome remodeling.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Recombinant RBD-Based Phage Vaccine Report: A Solution to the Prevention of New Diseases?Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A “universal” platform that can rapidly generate multiplex vaccine candidates is critically needed to control pandemics. Using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a model, we have developed such a platform by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A pipeline of vaccine candidates was engineered by incorporating various viral components into appropriate compartments of phage nanoparticle structure. These include expressible spike genes in genome, spike and envelope epitopes as surface decorations, and nucleocapsid proteins in packaged core. Phage decorated with spike trimers was found to be the most potent vaccine candidate in animal models. Without any adjuvant, this vaccine stimulated robust immune responses, both T helper cell 1 (T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.