Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34516386›Full record

Observational studyJournal of medical Internet research2021

Emotional Tone, Analytical Thinking, and Somatosensory Processes of a Sample of Italian Tweets During the First Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study.

Dario Monzani, Laura Vergani, Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli, Giulia Marton, Gabriella Pravettoni

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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  4. Linguistic Analysis of Patients' Labels During 3MDR Psychotherapy.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dario Monzani *Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9544-2933
Laura Vergani *Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4880-9656
Silvia Francesca Maria PizzoliDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9378-8447
Giulia MartonDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6360-7569
Gabriella PravettoniDepartment of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4843-4663

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic individual and collective chronic experience, with tremendous consequences on mental and psychological health that can also be reflected in people's use of words. Psycholinguistic analysis of tweets from Twitter allows obtaining information about people's emotional expression, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes, which are particularly important in traumatic events contexts.

objectiveWe aimed to analyze the influence of official Italian COVID-19 daily data (new cases, deaths, and hospital discharges) and the phase of managing the pandemic on how people expressed emotions and their analytical thinking and somatosensory processes in Italian tweets written during the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

methodsWe retrieved 1,697,490 Italian COVID-19-related tweets written from February 24, 2020 to June 14, 2020 and analyzed them using LIWC2015 to calculate 3 summary psycholinguistic variables: emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes. Official daily data about new COVID-19 cases, deaths, and hospital discharges were retrieved from the Italian Prime Minister's Office and Civil Protection Department GitHub page. We considered 3 phases of managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. We performed 3 general models, 1 for each summary variable as the dependent variable and with daily data and phase of managing the pandemic as independent variables.

resultsGeneral linear models to assess differences in daily scores of emotional tone, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes were significant (F

conclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic affects how people express emotions, analytical thinking, and somatosensory processes in tweets. Our study contributes to the investigation of pandemic psychological consequences through psycholinguistic analysis of social media textual data.

Indexed as

COVID-19Social MediaEmotionsHumansItalyPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19infodemiologyinfoveillanceinternetmHealthpandemicpsycholinguistic analysispublic healthtraumaTwitter

Identifiers

PMID34516386
PMCPMC8552964

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.