ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2021
Bone mineral density and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women: the HUNT study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are birth characteristics related to bone quality measures in young adults? The HUNT study, Norway.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Association between bone health and cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Observational
- Osteoporosis and cardiac remodeling in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synergistic and heterogeneous aging using composite phenotypes and multiple organ systems aging clocks.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Birth Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density and Content in Young Adults: The HUNT Study, Norway.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum Apolipoprotein B and Bone Mineral Density and the Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Mediation: Results From the NHANES 2011-2016 and a Mendelian Randomization Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Bone mineral density and cardiovascular diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Risk factors and characteristics of preoperative heart failure in elderly patients with hip fracture and the influence of anemia on prognosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Association between bone mineral density and stroke: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The potential protective role of vitamin D and calcium supplements in reducing cardiovascular disease risk among elderly patients with osteopenia.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- The association of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease risk score based on the Framingham and ACC/AHA risk prediction models: a cross-sectional analysis of Bushehr Elderly Health Program.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Bone health, cardiovascular disease, and imaging outcomes in UK Biobank: a causal analysis.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Osteoporosis and coronary heart disease: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex- and race-specific associations of bone mineral density with incident heart failure and its subtypes in older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not fully understood. We evaluated BMD as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and specifically atrial fibrillation (AF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and heart failure (HF) in men and women. This prospective population cohort utilized data on 22 857 adults from the second and third surveys of the HUNT Study in Norway free from CVD at baseline. BMD was measured using single and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the non-dominant distal forearm and T-score was calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from adjusted cox proportional hazards models. The analyses were sex-stratified, and models were adjusted for age, age-squared, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and education level. Additionally, in women, we adjusted for estrogen use and postmenopause. During a mean follow-up of 13.6 ± 5.7 years, 2 928 individuals (12.8%) developed fatal or non-fatal CVD, 1 020 AF (4.5%), 1 172 AMI (5.1%), 1 389 IS (6.1%), 264 HS (1.1%), and 464 HF (2.0%). For every 1 unit decrease in BMD T-score the HR for any CVD was 1.01 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.04) in women and 0.99 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.03) in men. Point estimates for the four cardiovascular outcomes ranged from slightly protective (HR 0.95 for AF in men) to slightly deleterious (HR 1.12 for HS in men). We found no evidence of association of lower distal forearm BMD with CVD, AF, AMI, IS, HS, and HF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.