ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2022
Neurological disorders associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: an association with autoantibodies.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune-related aseptic meningitis and strategies to manage immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Immune-Related Encephalitis in a Patient With Pleural Mesothelioma: Case Report.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Checkpoint blockade-related CNS adverse events are characterized by neurotoxic T helper cells with sustained neuroantigen reactivity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Camrelizumab-associated MG-like ocular neuromuscular toxicity after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report with serial muscle injury-related biomarker changes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elevated C-Reactive Protein as a Potential Biomarker for Neurological Adverse Events in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced polyradiculoneuropathy and cardiomyopathy: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Brachial Plexitis during Maintenance Atezolizumab after Palliative Radiotherapy for Cervical Spine Metastasis in Lung Cancer.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: From friend to foe.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Patient with Atezolizumab-induced Encephalitis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Multiple mechanisms and applications of tertiary lymphoid structures and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- On the Similarity Between Postpartum Autoimmune Abnormalities and Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE) by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): The Placenta as a PD-L1-Rich Immune-Tolerant Organ.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Atezolizumab-induced encephalitis, aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Increased risk of hyperthyroidism induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with existing or prior Graves' disease: a nested prospective cohort study with propensity score matching.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Prediction, prevention, and precision treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor neurological toxicity using autoantibodies, cytokines, and microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Neurological Adverse Events Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Practical Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Preferential B cell differentiation by combined immune checkpoint blockade for renal cell carcinoma is associated with clinical response and autoimmune reactions.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- [Advances in Predictive Research of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Adverse Events].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among diverse neurological immune-related adverse events (irAEs), autoimmune encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and myositis are particularly important. The clinical presentation may be different from that of patients with conditions unrelated to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Many of the autoantibodies detected in patients' sera are committed to the pathogenesis, while the clinical significance of such autoantibodies in cases of neurological irAEs is different from the significance in cases of typical neuronal disorders. A broad range of clinical symptoms complicates the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. The clinical features of aseptic meningitis induced by classical drugs are different from those of aseptic meningitis induced by ICIs. Although autoantibodies against synaptic receptors or neuronal cell surface proteins are not detected, anti-Ma2 antibodies, which are onconeural antibodies against intracellular proteins, are detected in patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with ICIs. GBS induced by ICIs sometimes shows gradual progression and a relapse of symptoms, suggesting chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Bulbar symptoms and myasthenic crisis are frequently observed in ICI-induced MG. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies are found in only half of patients with MG occurring as an irAE. ICI-induced myositis is accompanied by ocular muscle symptoms, such as ptosis and diplopia, which can suggest MG. Patients receiving ICI treatment present clinical features and laboratory findings that represent a mixture of MG and myositis. Anti-striational antibodies may act as biomarkers in cases in which MG and myositis overlap. A correct understanding of neurological adverse events is required to achieve the best management of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.