SynthesisPediatric dermatology2021
"COVID toes": A meta-analysis of case and observational studies on clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings.
Synthesis in Pediatric dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- "COVID toes": A meta-analysis of case and observational studies on clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings.Pediatric dermatology · 2021Pooled it
- Chilblain-Like Lesions (CLL) Coinciding With the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Children: A Systematic Review.Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgeryPooled it
- Comparative histopathologic analysis of COVID-19-associated pseudo-chilblains ("COVID-toes"), with idiopathic pernio, and chilblains lupus erythematosus.JAAD international · 2025Article
- Great Toe Tip Reconstruction after Severe COVID-19 Using Hemi-pulp V-Y Advancement Flap: A Case Report.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated vasculopathic diseases.Thrombosis journal · 2023Review
- Clinical assessment of children with long COVID syndrome.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- COVID-associated non-vasculitic thrombotic retiform purpura of the face and extremities: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.The Biochemical journal · 2022Review
- Prevalence and patterns of cutaneous manifestations in 1245 COVID-19 patients in Japan: a single-centre study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2022Article
- Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Dermatological complications due to post‑COVID‑19 syndrome: A systematic review.Medicine internationalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is related to several extrapulmonary disorders; however, little is known about the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection.
objectiveTo evaluate and summarize the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio-like lesions reported in the literature.
methodsWe conducted a search of the PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020, following the PRISMA recommendations (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020225055). The target population was individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with pernio-like lesions. Observational studies, research letters, and case/series reports were all eligible for inclusion. Observational studies were evaluated using a random-effects model to calculate the weighted mean prevalence, overall mean, and 95% confidence interval. We evaluated case studies using the chi-square test for dichotomous variables and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables.
resultsA total of 187 patients from case reports and 715 patients from 18 observational studies were included. The mean age of patients was 16.6 years (range 14.5-18.8). Feet were affected in 91.4% (87.0-94.4%) of patients in observational studies. The proportion of patients with a positive RT-PCR test was less than 15%. Lesion topography and morphology were associated with age.
conclusionLesions mostly occurred in pediatric patients, and the morphological characteristics tended to differ between pediatric and non-pediatric populations. There is a possible multifactorial component in lesion pathophysiology. The non-positivity of laboratory tests does not exclude an association with COVID-19. Pernio-like lesions may be a late manifestation of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.