Trial reportClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2021
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Neutralizing Antibodies Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Infection.
Trial report in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunobridging Analysis of Pemivibart for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Therapeutic Gap for the Immune-Compromised Population Remains.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Antiviral and clinical activity of bamlanivimab in a randomized trial of non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- The anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab minimally affects the endogenous immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.Science translational medicine · 2022Trial
- PK/PD modeling links accelerated resolution of COVID-19-related clinical symptoms to SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in patients following treatment with Bamlanivimab alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab together.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Endogenous Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Mild or Moderate COVID-19 Who Received Bamlanivimab Alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Together.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Serum AZD7442 (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) concentrations andClinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Cell-based passive immunization for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Effect of Swine Glyco-humanized Polyclonal Neutralizing Antibody on Survival and Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Viral target and metabolism-based rationale for combined use of recently authorized small molecule COVID-19 medicines: Molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Safety and tolerability study of sotrovimab (VIR-7831) prophylaxis against COVID-19 infection in immunocompromised individuals with impaired SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Uses and Challenges of Antiviral Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Systematic review of MCDM approach applied to the medical case studies of COVID-19: trends, bibliographic analysis, challenges, motivations, recommendations, and future directions.Complex & intelligent systems · 2023Article
- Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- WHO Living Guidelines on antivirals for COVID-19 are evidence-based.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Article
- Immune-based therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Models of COVID-19: Insights into Disease Progression, Vaccines, and Therapeutics.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2022Review
- Increased B Cell Selection Stringency In Germinal Centers Can Explain Improved COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacies With Low Dose Prime or Delayed Boost.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bamlanivimab and etesevimab are neutralizing antibodies indicated for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with early mild or moderate disease. We present the use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling that characterizes the timecourse of viral load obtained from 2,970 patients from 2 phase II clinical trials. The model was used for identification of optimal doses that would result in at least 90% of patients achieving serum drug concentrations that result in 90% of maximum drug effect (IC90) for at least 28 days. The serum IC90 (95% confidence interval) was estimated to be 4.2 (3.2-4.3) µg/mL for bamlanivimab and 12.6 (9.7-12.8) µg/mL for etesevimab. Observed clinical trial data confirmed PK and PK/PD model predictions that doses of 700 mg bamlanivimab and 1,400 mg etesevimab would result in maximum reduction in viral load, with no additional effect seen at higher doses. No dose adjustment is recommended as age, sex, race, baseline viral load, and hepatic impairment did not have a significant impact on the PK of the antibodies. Earlier drug administration resulted in greater reductions in viral load, demonstrating the importance of receiving treatment as soon as possible. Relative to placebo, typical reduction in viral load over a 7-day period was estimated to be 80 or 93% (drug administered 4 days or 1 day after the onset of symptoms, respectively), P < 0.0001. PK/PD modeling and simulation was pivotal throughout the drug development and emergency use authorization process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.