Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Thyroid Function and Risk of Anemia: A Multivariable-Adjusted and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in the UK Biobank.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome After Mild Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and determinants of anemia in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Effect Modification by Total Bilirubin on the Association Between Hypertension and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Journal of stroke · 2026Article
- Thyroid function and anemia: results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota in Graves' disease: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Anemia in Patients With Pituitary Adenomas: Prevalence and Correlation With Hypopituitarism.Cureus · 2025Article
- Association between thyroid function and osteopenia or osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between occupational exposure to gasoline and anemia: a retrospective cohort study in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Multidisciplinary approaches to study anaemia with special mention on aplastic anaemia (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Machine Learning Approach with Harmonized Multinational Datasets for Enhanced Prediction of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Causal relationship between hypothyroidism and temporomandibular disorders: evidence from complementary genetic methods.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Application of Mendelian randomization in thyroid diseases: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Hematological Abnormalities and Associated Factors Among Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Journal of blood medicine · 2024Article
- The ageing thyroid: implications for longevity and patient care.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Development, Validation and Clinical Utility of a Risk Prediction Model for Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Hypothyroidism is a causal determinant of age-related cataract risk in European population: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Tri-iodothyronine (T3) Level Is a Prognostic Factor for Patients With Advanced NSCLC: Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Is Associated With Liver Metastasis.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextThyroid dysfunction is associated with higher anemia prevalence, although causality remains unclear.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid function and anemia.
methodsThis cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study included 445 482 European participants from the UK Biobank (mean age 56.77 years (SD 8.0); and 54.2% women). Self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was stated by 21 860 (4.9%); self-reported clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by 3431 (0.8%). Anemia, defined as hemoglobin level of < 13 g/dL in men and < 12 g/dL in women, was present in 18 717 (4.2%) participants.
resultsIn cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, self-reported clinical diagnoses of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19 and OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.30), although with wide confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism. We did not observe an association of higher or lower genetically influenced thyrotropin (TSH) with anemia (vs middle tertile: OR for lowest tertile 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.02]; highest tertile 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98-1.06]), nor of genetically influenced free thyroxine (fT4) with anemia. Individuals with genetic variants in the DIO3OS gene implicated in intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones had a higher anemia risk (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10); no association was observed with variants in DIO1 or DIO2 genes.
conclusionWhile self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was associated with higher anemia risk, we did not find evidence supporting a causal association with variation of thyroid function within the euthyroid range. However, intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones might play a role in developing anemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.