Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34514467›Full record

ArticleJCPP advances2021

Adolescent well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys?

Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Ingibjorg Eva Thorisdottir, Caine C A Meyers, Bryndis Bjork Asgeirsdottir, Alfgeir Logi Kristjansson, Heiddis B Valdimarsdottir, John P Allegrante, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCPP advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Article
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  6. Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life among Japanese adults: findings of CARE Japan study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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  14. Observational
  15. Review
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  17. Sex-specific estimates of positive mental health among youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Thorhildur HalldorsdottirDepartment of Psychology Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-8912
Ingibjorg Eva ThorisdottirIcelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis Reykjavik Iceland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-0410
Caine C A MeyersIcelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis Reykjavik Iceland.
Bryndis Bjork AsgeirsdottirDepartment of Psychology Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3862-716X
Alfgeir Logi KristjanssonDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences School of Public Health West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8136-9210
Heiddis B ValdimarsdottirDepartment of Psychology Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-0007
John P AllegranteDepartment of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University New York City New York USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-3037
Inga Dora SigfusdottirDepartment of Psychology Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDifferential effects of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated public restrictions on adolescent girls and boys are emerging but have not been elucidated. This study examined gender differences across broad indicators of adolescent well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland, and explored potential explanations for these differences.

methodsIn total, 523 youth (56.5% girls) born in Iceland in 2004 completed measures on mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anger and suicide attempts) and measures designed for this study to assess broad indicators of adolescent well-being (e.g., day-to-day life, academic performance, family and peer relationships, and mental and physical health) and behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health problems during the pandemic were compared to expected scores based on nationwide ratings of same-aged peers in 2018.

resultsAlthough both boys and girls appeared affected, girls reported a greater negative impact across all the broad indicators of well-being and behavioral change during COVID-19 than boys, and their depressive symptoms were above and beyond the expected nationwide scores (

conclusionsAdolescents were broadly negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying restrictions; however, this negative impact was more pronounced in girls. The findings suggest that a steady routine and remaining socially connected may help youth cope with the uncertainty and social restrictions associated with a pandemic. Moreover, healthcare providers, teachers, and other professionals should pay close attention to depressive symptoms among girls during a pandemic.

Indexed as

adolescenceCOVID‐19depressive symptomsgendermental healthpandemicsocial media

Identifiers

PMID34514467
PMCPMC8420409

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.