ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Lost in translation. The quest for definitions of treatment-resistant depression with a focus on inflammation-related gene expression.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The HPA axis and kynurenine pathway: exploring the role of stress and neuroinflammation in treatment-resistant depression.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Intron retention: a novel method for evaluating the response to ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Personalized Treatment in Difficult-to-Treat Depression: A Case Report.Case reports in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Baseline monocyte count predicts symptom improvement during intravenous ketamine therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a single-arm open-label observational study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prognostic Significance of Blood-Based Baseline Biomarkers in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Literature Review of Available Studies on Treatment Response.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Editorial commentary on the special issue emerging psychoneuroimmunology research: Future leaders in focus.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Clinical research challenges posed by difficult-to-treat depression.Psychological medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately one third of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to antidepressant treatments; but what does treatment-resistant depression (TRD) mean? With this article, I aim to provide an overview of the clinical and operational criteria currently used to define TRD, highlighting core gaps in knowledge and open questions to be addressed in order to drive future research in the field. Importantly, a better definition of TRD must include a better characterization of the biological and molecular correlates of non-response. Among these potential biomarkers, compelling evidence reveals a potential role of inflammation-related gene expression signatures. A more accurate clinical and etiopathological characterization of TRD subjects may help to identify biologically based MDD clinical phenotypes to be targeted in future research and finally achieve better outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.