Biomarkers for Adverse Lung Injury Following Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Cardiopulmonary bypass triggers systemic inflammation, resulting in lung injury, and frequently leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation are required to predict the risk of such complications. We hypothesize that specific serum proteins can be used as biomarkers to predict the severity of lung injury following cardiac surgery.

designRetrospective chart review study.

settingClinical variables were collected and used in conjuncture with unbiased proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry that was performed on frozen plasma samples from a study group (patients with mechanical ventilation > 48 hr post surgery) and a control group (patients with mechanical ventilation < 48 hr post surgery). SUBJECTS: Subjects included were infants who underwent cardiac surgery with similar complexity (Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery 3 or 4) using cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in both groups were matched for their weight, age, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass.

interventionNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN

resultsFour-hundred eighty-three proteins were identified (99% minimum confidence and two peptides minimum, protein false discovery rate 0.1%) on proteomic analysis of four control and four study patients at precardiopulmonary bypass, 0, and 48 hours postcardiopulmonary bypass samples. Thirty-six of 178 proteins were significantly different (≥ 1.5-fold;

conclusionsMultiple proteomic biomarkers were associated with worse respiratory outcomes. Precardiopulmonary bypass biomarkers might indicate risk factors (e.g., abnormalities of coagulation), whereas those identified at 0 hour and post cardiopulmonary bypass may reflect mechanisms of ongoing pathobiology.