ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Gut-Liver Immune Traffic: Deciphering Immune-Pathogenesis to Underpin Translational Therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine in the management of cholestatic liver injury.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The gut-liver-immune axis: structural basis, cellular architecture, molecular mediators, and disease-specific manifestations.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiota, Bile Acids, and Immune Response in Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of High-Fat Diet and Aflatoxin B1 on Immunometabolic Dysfunction and the Dose-Responsive Modulation by Isoleucine Supplementation.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The role of immune cells in cirrhosis: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiome and liver diseases.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development of Budd-Chiari syndrome through immune imbalance.mSystems · 2024Article
- Tolerance-inducing therapies in coeliac disease - mechanisms, progress and future directions.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Article
- Genetically predicted immune cells mediate the association between gut microbiota and autoimmune liver diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Causal relationship between primary biliary cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Gastroenterology report · 2024Article
- The microbiota and the gut-liver axis in primary sclerosing cholangitis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Role of intestinal flora in primary sclerosing cholangitis and its potential therapeutic value.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tight relationship between the gut and liver on embryological, anatomical and physiological levels inspired the concept of a gut-liver axis as a central element in the pathogenesis of gut-liver axis diseases. This axis refers to the reciprocal regulation between these two organs causing an integrated system of immune homeostasis or tolerance breakdown guided by the microbiota, the diet, genetic background, and environmental factors. Continuous exposure of gut microbiome, various hormones, drugs and toxins, or metabolites from the diet through the portal vein adapt the liver to maintain its tolerogenic state. This is orchestrated by the combined effort of immune cells network: behaving as a sinusoidal and biliary firewall, along with a regulatory network of immune cells including, regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC). In addition, downregulation of costimulatory molecules on hepatic sinusoids, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells as well as regulating the bile acids chain also play a part in hepatic immune homeostasis. Recent evidence also demonstrated the link between changes in the gut microbiome and liver resident immune cells in the progression of cirrhosis and the tight correlation among primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and also checkpoint induced liver and gut injury. In this review, we will summarize the most recent evidence of the bidirectional relationship among the gut and the liver and how it contributes to liver disease, focusing mainly on PSC and checkpoint induced hepatitis and colitis. We will also focus on completed therapeutic options and on potential targets for future treatment linking with immunology and describe the future direction of this research, taking advantage of modern technologies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.