Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34512530›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in neurology2021

Deconstructing Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Challenges in Isolating Core Components of Apathy From Depression, Anxiety, and Fatigue.

Christian Ineichen, Heide Baumann-Vogel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Molecular-Informed Network Analysis Unveils Fatigue-Related Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025
    Observational
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Behavioral disorders in Parkinson disease: current view.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Christian IneichenDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Heide Baumann-VogelDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Apathy, fatigue and depression are amongst the most debilitating non-motor syndromes of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of apathy, depression, anxiety and fatigue and whether these syndromes are separable in PD. A total of 337 patients were examined using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part III), the Apathy Evaluation Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Using standard cutoff criteria, the prevalence rates of significant apathy, mild-to-severe depression, mild-to-severe anxiety and severe fatigue were 23.7, 13.4, 15.4, and 17.8%, respectively. Next, confirmatory factor analysis was employed of items from these three clinical scales. A priori hypothesis testing including four different factors (reduced motivation/interest, physical fatigue, reduced pleasure, anxiety) was performed. The factor analysis revealed strong fit statistics for the model with χ

Indexed as

anxietyapathyconfirmatory factor analysisdepressionfatiguenosologyParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID34512530
PMCPMC8427284

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.