ArticleInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2021
Pre-existing T cell-mediated cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 cannot solely be explained by prior exposure to endemic human coronaviruses.
Article in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extensive evolution and T cell escape by SARS-CoV-2 in a 2.5-year persistent infection of an immunocompromised host.iScience · 2026Article
- Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Naive Vaccinated Individuals with and Without Spike Protein IgG Antibodies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adenovirus-Specific T Cells in Adults Are Frequent, Cross-Reactive to Common Childhood Adenovirus Infections and Boosted by Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Investigation of Long-Term CD4+ T Cell Receptor Repertoire Changes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Different Severities of Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 natural infection, but not vaccine-induced immunity, elicits cross-reactive immunity to OC43.Heliyon · 2024Article
- In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4Nature communications · 2024Article
- Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine can prime SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cross-protection induced by highly conserved human B, CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Editorial: Cross-reactive immunity and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- ACE configurator for ELISpot: optimizing combinatorial design of pooled ELISpot assays with an epitope similarity model.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Genomic screening of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Large clones of pre-existing T cells drive early immunity against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Unexpectedly higher levels of anti-orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies are observed among gay men than general adult population.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
T-cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides in individuals unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 has been previously reported. This pre-existing immunity was suggested to largely derive from prior exposure to 'common cold' endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). To test this, we characterised the sequence homology of SARS-CoV-2-derived T-cell epitopes reported in the literature across the full proteome of the Coronaviridae family. 54.8% of these epitopes had no homology to any of the HCoVs. Further, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes with any level of sequence homology to the proteins encoded by any of the coronaviruses tested is well-predicted by their alignment-free phylogenetic distance to SARS-CoV-2 (Pearson's r = -0.958). No coronavirus in our dataset showed a significant excess of T-cell epitope homology relative to the proportion of expected random matches, given their genetic similarity to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings suggest that prior exposure to human or animal-associated coronaviruses cannot completely explain the T-cell repertoire in unexposed individuals that recognise SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive epitopes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.