Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34509179›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2022

Ultra-processed food consumption, socio-demographics and diet quality in Australian adults.

Laura Marchese, Katherine M Livingstone, Julie L Woods, Kate Wingrove, Priscila Machado

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Ultra-processed food supply in hospitals: A cross-sectional analysis of Australian hospitals using cook fresh foodservices.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2026
    Article
  6. Unhealthy Food and Beverage Marketing on Public Transport Infrastructure in Western Melbourne.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Rethinking fussiness in commercial food contexts.Health promotion international · 2026
    Article
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  12. Article
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  17. Review
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  19. Research roadmap for ultra-processed foods in the context of the Australian food system.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Laura MarcheseSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1579-3969
Katherine M LivingstoneInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9682-7541
Julie L WoodsInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2717-310X
Kate WingroveInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3249-7747
Priscila MachadoInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4607-5094
Deakin University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine how socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality vary with consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of Australian adults.

designUsing a 24-h recall, this cross-sectional analysis of dietary and socio-demographic data classified food items using the NOVA system, estimated the percentage of total energy contributed by UPFs and assessed diet quality using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI-2013 total and components). Linear regression models examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality with percentage of energy from UPF.

settingAustralian Health Survey 2011-2013.

participantsAustralian adults aged ≥ 19 years (n 8209).

resultsConsumption of UPF was higher among younger adults (aged 19-30 years), adults born in Australia, those experiencing greatest area-level disadvantage, lower levels of education and the second lowest household income quintile. No significant association was found for sex or rurality. A higher percentage of energy from UPF was inversely associated with diet quality and with lower DGI scores related to the variety of nutritious foods, fruits, vegetables, total cereals, meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans, water and limits on discretionary foods, saturated fat and added sugar.

conclusionsThis research adds to the evidence on dietary inequalities across Australia and how UPF are detrimental to diet quality. The findings can be used to inform interventions to reduce UPF consumption and improve diet quality.

Indexed as

Energy IntakeFast FoodsAnimalsAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesDemographyDietFood HandlingHumansDiet qualityFood processingSocio-demographicUltra-processed food

Identifiers

PMID34509179
PMCPMC8825971
OpenAlexW3200541972

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.