Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34509178›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2021

Perceived barriers and facilitators to participating in the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program: a mixed-methods examination considering investment effectiveness.

Kathryn A Boys, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, Jared T McGuirt, Alice S Ammerman, Erin E Van Fleet, Nevin S Johnson, Casey J Kelley, Victoria E Donadio, Sheila E Fleischhacker, Kimberly P Truesdale and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. The Determinants of Long-Term Sustainment of Healthy Food Retail Environment Changes: A Systematic Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kathryn A BoysDepartment of Agricultural & Resource Economics, North Carolina State University, 4306 Nelson Hall, Campus Box 8109, Raleigh, NC27695-8109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8091-1415
Lindsey Haynes-MaslowDepartment of Agricultural & Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Jared T McGuirtDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Alice S AmmermanDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Erin E Van FleetDepartment of Agricultural & Resource Economics, North Carolina State University, 4306 Nelson Hall, Campus Box 8109, Raleigh, NC27695-8109, USA.
Nevin S JohnsonDepartment of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Casey J KelleyDepartment of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7770-1639
Victoria E DonadioDepartment of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
Sheila E FleischhackerGeorgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Kimberly P TruesdaleDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ronny A BellDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Stephanie B Jilcott PittsDepartment of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Funding

UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CLINICAL NUTRITION RESEARCH UNITP30DK056350 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Ian Michael Carroll · 1999 to 2026
$31.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056350
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe North Carolina Legislature appropriated funds in 2016-2019 for the Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), providing small retailers located in food deserts with equipment to stock nutrient-dense foods and beverages. The study aimed to: (1) examine factors facilitating and constraining implementation of, and participation in, the HFSRP from the perspective of storeowners and (2) measure and evaluate the impact and effectiveness of investment in the HFSRP.

designThe current analysis uses both qualitative and quantitative assessments of storeowner perceptions and store outcomes, as well as two innovative measures of policy investment effectiveness. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and descriptive quantitative approaches, including monthly financial reports and activity forms, and end-of-programme evaluations were collected from participating HFSRP storeowners.

settingEight corner stores in North Carolina that participated in the two cohorts (2016-2018; 2017-2019) of the HFSRP.

participantsOwners of corner stores participating in the HFSRP.

resultsAll storeowners reported that the HFSRP benefitted their stores. In addition, the HFSRP had a positive impact on sales across each category of healthy food products. Storeowners reported that benefits would be enhanced with adjustments to programme administration and support. Specific suggestions included additional information regarding which healthy foods and beverages to stock; inventory management; handling of perishable produce; product display; modified reporting requirements and a more efficient process of delivering and maintaining equipment.

conclusionsAll storeowners reported several benefits of the HFSRP and would recommend that other storeowners participate. The barriers and challenges they reported inform potential approaches to ensuring success and sustainability of the HFSRP and similar initiatives underway in other jurisdictions.

Indexed as

Food AssistanceFood SupplyCommerceFoodHumansNorth CarolinaCorner storeFood policyNutrition legislationReturn-on-investmentStoreowner

Identifiers

PMID34509178
PMCPMC11148602

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.