ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2022
Maternal Smoking and Congenital Heart Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paternal preconception modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a review of contemporary evidence from observational studies.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs and the risk of congenital abnormalities in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Smoking and Preterm Birth Among Infants With Orofacial Clefts.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- Does Maternal Smoking Increase the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease? Insights from a Single-Center Fetal Echocardiography Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal Immune Activation: Implications for Congenital Heart Defects.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Ambient Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Disease: Updated Evidence and Future Challenges.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The impact of in utero tobacco exposure on smoking behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in adulthood: A UK Biobank study.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Paternal peri-conceptional physical activity and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: A case-control study.Andrology · 2025Observational
- Developmental nicotine exposure alters cardiovascular structure and function in neonatal and juvenile rats.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Article
- [A case-control study on the associations of parental smoking and alcohol consumption during the periconceptional period and their interactions with risk of congenital heart disease in offspring].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Article
- High gestational leucine level dampens WDPCP/MAPK signaling to impair the EMT and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in congenital heart defects.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Article
- Folic Acid and Selected Risk Factors for Fetal Heart Defects-Preliminary Study Results.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Survival of Children With Critical Congenital Heart Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and risk of birth defects in offspring: Population-based cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Maternal Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Non-Inherited Risk Factor for Congenital Cardiopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A gene-based association test of interactions for maternal-fetal genotypes identifies genes associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart defects.Genetic epidemiology · 2023Article
- Maternal dietary caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- Prediction of congenital heart disease for newborns: comparative analysis of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average models.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess associations between maternal smoking and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring. STUDY
designWe performed a retrospective case-control study using data for cases of CHD (n = 8339) and nonmalformed controls (n = 11 020) from all years (1997-2011) of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Maternal self-reported smoking 1 month before through 3 months after conception was evaluated as a binary (none, any) and categorical (light, medium, heavy) exposure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate aOR and 95% CIs. Stratified analyses were performed for septal defects according to maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and maternal race/ethnicity.
resultsMultiple CHDs displayed modest associations with any level of maternal periconceptional smoking independent of potential confounders; the strongest associations were for aggregated septal defects (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.7), tricuspid atresia (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.7), and double outlet right ventricle (DORV) (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1). Tricuspid atresia and DORV also displayed dose-response relationships. Among heavy smokers, the highest odds were again observed for tricuspid atresia (aOR 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-6.1) and DORV (aOR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2). Heavy smokers ≥35 years old more frequently had a child with a septal defect when compared with similarly aged nonsmokers (aOR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.9).
conclusionsMaternal periconceptional smoking is most strongly associated with septal defects, tricuspid atresia, and DORV; the risk for septal defects is modified by maternal age.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.