Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Waist-Height Ratio and the Risk of Severe Diabetic Eye Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: A 15-Year Cohort Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Waist-to-Height Ratio Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- The pathophysiological link between type 1 diabetes and MASLD: insights into insulin resistance and liver dysfunction.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Diabetic retinal disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Relationship between sRAGE and obesity in individuals with type 1 diabetes during a median follow-up of 6.3 years.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Beyond overweight, visceral adiposity is associated with estimation of cardiovascular risk in patients living with type 1 diabetes: findings from the SFDT1 cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prognostic factors for the development and progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetic retinopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Patterns of risk for diabetic retinopathy in the Mumbai slums: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study (AJ-DRUMSS) Report 3.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Association between waist-hip ratio and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population: Insights from the NHANES.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- A two-year longitudinal observational study of the peripapillary microvasculature in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus patients without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextObesity prevalence has increased in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the relationship between body composition and severe diabetic eye disease (SDED) is unknown.
objectiveTo investigate the associations between body composition and SDED in adults with T1D.
methodsFrom 5401 adults with T1D in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, we assessed 3468, and 437 underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition analysis. The composite outcome was SDED, defined as proliferative retinopathy, laser treatment, antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment, diabetic maculopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and vitrectomy. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the associations between body composition and SDED. Multivariable Cox regression analysis assessed the associations between the anthropometric measures and SDED. Subgroup analysis was performed by stages of albuminuria. The relevance ranking of each variable was based on the z statistic.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 14.5 (interquartile range 7.8-17.5) years, 886 SDED events occurred. Visceral/android fat ratio was associated with SDED [odds ratio (OR) 1.40, z = 3.13], as well as the percentages of visceral (OR 1.80, z = 2.45) and android fat (OR 1.28, z = 2.08) but not the total body fat percentage. Waist-height ratio (WHtR) showed the strongest association with the SDED risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28, z = 3.73], followed by the waist (HR 1.01, z = 3.03), body mass index (HR 1.03, z = 2.33), and waist-hip ratio (HR 1.15, z = 2.22). The results were similar in normo- and microalbuminuria but not significant in macroalbuminuria. A WHtR ≥ 0.5 increased the SDED risk by 28% at the normo- and microalbuminuria stages.
conclusionsWHtR, a hallmark of central obesity, is associated with SDED in individuals with T1D.
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