Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34508083›Full record

ReviewNPJ Parkinson's disease2021

A systematic review on exercise and training-based interventions for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

Moran Gilat, Pieter Ginis, Demi Zoetewei, Joni De Vleeschhauwer, Femke Hulzinga, Nicholas D'Cruz, Alice Nieuwboer

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Towards the Prevention of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Moran GilatKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium. moran.gilat@kuleuven.be.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-4637
Pieter GinisKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-3347
Demi ZoeteweiKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.
Joni De VleeschhauwerKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.
Femke HulzingaKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-7256
Nicholas D'CruzKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-5903
Alice NieuwboerKU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium.
KU Leuven · BE

Funding

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders) 11B5421NMichael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (Michael J. Fox Foundation) 16347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes severe patient burden despite pharmacological management. Exercise and training are therefore advocated as important adjunct therapies. In this meta-analysis, we assess the existing evidence for such interventions to reduce FOG, and further examine which type of training helps the restoration of gait function in particular. The primary meta-analysis across 41 studies and 1838 patients revealed a favorable moderate effect size (ES = -0.37) of various training modalities for reducing subjective FOG-severity (p < 0.00001), though several interventions were not directly aimed at FOG and some included non-freezers. However, exercise and training also proved beneficial in a secondary analysis on freezers only (ES = -0.32, p = 0.007). We further revealed that dedicated training aimed at reducing FOG episodes (ES = -0.24) or ameliorating the underlying correlates of FOG (ES = -0.40) was moderately effective (p < 0.01), while generic exercises were not (ES = -0.14, p = 0.12). Relevantly, no retention effects were seen after cessation of training (ES = -0.08, p = 0.36). This review thereby supports the implementation of targeted training as a treatment for FOG with the need for long-term engagement.

Identifiers

PMID34508083
PMCPMC8433229
OpenAlexW3197788055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.