ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analytic reliability generalization study of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between procrastination and negative emotions in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Is decreasing problematic mobile phone use a pathway for alleviating adolescent depression and sleep disorders? A randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of an eight-session mindfulness-based intervention.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2024Trial
- The Relationship Between Chronotype and Depression Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Bedtime Procrastination and the Moderating Role of Parental Psychological Control.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations among problematic smartphone use, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese college students: a three-wave longitudinal study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Non-Communicable Disease, Metabolic and Lifestyle Risk Factor Profiles in South African University Students: A Latent Class Analysis.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between State Boredom and Sleep-Wake Disruptions: A Mediation Model via Smartphone Addiction and Bedtime Procrastination.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal effects of technostress on bedtime procrastination and sleep quality among university students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sleep Quality and Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Screen Exposure.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Review
- Temporal Network Analysis of Bedtime Procrastination and Depression Among Adolescents: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.MedComm · 2026Article
- Directional Relations Between Symptoms of Adolescent Smartphone Addiction, Academic Burnout, and Psychological Distress: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- The relationship among college students' mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and physical activity: a cross-lagged study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Physical activity motivation is inversely associated with anxiety: a cross-sectional serial mediation analysis involving smartphone addiction symptoms and sleep quality in medical undergraduates.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Directional Asymmetry Without Timescale Dependence: Longitudinal Associations Between Procrastination and Depressive Symptoms.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between TikTok Usage and Executive Function Is Mediated by Problematic Social Media Use.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Correlation Coefficients Between Fear of Missing Out and Sleep Health Dimensions.Psychological reports · 2025Review
- The Association Between Presleep and Postwake Mobile Phone Use and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among University Students: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Cross-lagged analysis of mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and exercise self-efficacy among university students.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2025Article
- Mobile phone dependency and subclinical depressive-anxiety symptom co-occurrence in college students: a cross-lagged panel network analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have found that problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms are strongly associated. However, studies are inconsistent regarding whether problematic mobile phone use predicts depressive symptoms or vice versa, and sleep factors have been infrequently focused on in this regard. In addition, few studies have examined the longitudinal associations and directions of effects between these factors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms in college students.
methodsOverall, 1181 college students completed questionnaires on problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms at two time points 12 months apart. A cross-lagged model was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between these factors.
resultsCross-lagged analyses showed significant bidirectional relationships of problematic mobile phone use with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Additionally, there were also significant bidirectional relationships of sleep quality with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Problematic mobile phone use predicted subsequent sleep quality one-way, and bedtime procrastination predicted subsequent depressive symptoms one-way.
conclusionsThis study further expands our understanding of the longitudinal and bidirectional relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms and helps school mental health educators design targeted interventions to reduce problematic mobile phone use, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms among college students.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.