ArticleBMC nephrology2021
The association of urine osmolality with decreased kidney function and/or albuminuria in the United States.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- A microphysiological human mini-bladder reveals urine-urothelium interplay in tissue resilience and UPEC recurrence in urinary tract infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beneficial effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on kidney function can be just a mirage.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Clinical Assessment of Fluid Status in Adults With Acute Kidney Injury: A Scoping Review.Journal of renal care · 2025Article
- Is mild dehydration a risk for progression of childhood chronic kidney disease?Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Disentangling the phenotypic patterns of hypertension and chronic hypotension.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2024Article
- Detection of low urine output by measuring urinary biomarkers.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Concentrated urine, low urine flow, and postoperative elevation of plasma creatinine: A retrospective analysis of pooled data.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDecreased kidney function is commonly caused by hypovolemia. When hypovolemic, the kidney reabsorbs water resulting in concentrated urine. Osmolality is a measure of urine concentration which is more objective than self-reported fluid intake. It has a positive association with hypovolemia. However, it remains controversial whether osmolality is associated with decreased kidney function and/or albuminuria.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a standardized survey in the U.S. POPULATION: Participants aged 18-70 years old with random urine osmolality were included. Osmolality was categorized as quartiles. Decreased kidney function was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m
resultsOur study sample included 7,373 participants. The mean age was 42.9 ± 0.4 years. Overall, 51.4% were male and 67.3% were white. The mean osmolality was 603.8 mOsm/kg and 629.1 mOsm/kg in those with and without decreased eGFR and/or albuminuria, respectively. The number of cases was 610 (6.7%). The prevalence from the lowest to highest quartiles of osmolality was 116 (6.2%), 213 (8.6%), 179 (7.5%), and 102 (4.3%), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.02). The relationship between osmolality and eGFR appeared nonlinear. After adjustment for demographic, social, cardiovascular, and dietary risk factors, there was no significant association of osmolality quartiles with decreased eGFR and/or albuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56, 1.07). In sensitivity analyses, osmolality ≥ 500 mOsm/kg was associated with lower eGFR (adjusted ß -1.13, 95% CI -1.98, -0.28). In pre-specified subgroup analyses, osmolality had a statistically significant negative correlation with eGFR among individuals with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m
conclusionsHigher osmolality was significantly associated with lower eGFR among adults with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.