ArticleEnvironment international2021
A self-controlled approach to survival analysis, with application to air pollution and mortality.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of spatial and temporal epidemiological approaches, focus on lung cancer risk associated with particulate matter.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions of AECOPD in 10 Regions of China: A Self-Controlled Study Based on a Cohort.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Estimating daily ozone levels in urban ambient air.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Long-term exposure to ambient PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Measurement error correction for ambient PMEnvironmental research · 2023Article
- Prediction Tool on Fine Particle Pollutants and Air Quality for Environmental Engineering.SN computer science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany studies have reported that long-term air pollution exposure is associated with increased mortality rates. These investigations have been criticized for failure to control for omitted, generally personal, confounders. Study designs that are robust to such confounders can address this issue.
methodsWe used a self-controlled design for survival analysis. We stratified on each person in the Medicare cohort between 2000 and 2015 who died, and examined whether PM
resultsThere were 6,452,618 deaths in the study population in the study period. We observed a 5.37% increase in the mortality rate (95% CI 4.67%, 6.08%) for every 5 μg/m
conclusionThere is strong evidence that the association between annual exposure to PM
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.