ArticlePloS one2021
Risk factor of plasmodium knowlesi infection in Sabah Borneo Malaysia, 2020: A population-based case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and determinants of zoonotic malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Malaysia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Educational frameworks for zoonotic malaria prevention: a narrative review integrating behavioural theory, participatory design, and instructional models for Plasmodium knowlesi in Southeast Asia.Malaria journal · 2026Review
- Synthesis of qualitative evidence on community experiences and perceptions of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and factors influencing prevention and healthcare-seeking behaviours in Malaysia.Malaria journal · 2026Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi and global changes: socio-ecological drivers and challenges.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Malaria and determinants of health: a scoping review of malaria vulnerabilities in Southeast Asia.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in malaria transmission across Indonesia: analysis of routine surveillance data 2010-2019.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- Forest Restoration and the Zoonotic Vector Anopheles balabacensis in Sabah, Malaysia.EcoHealth · 2024Article
- Risk factors of malaria transmission in mining workers in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- High transmission efficiency of the simian malaria vectors and population expansion of their parasites Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium inui.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Inter-Population Genetic Diversity and Clustering ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Article
- PredictingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A survey of simian Plasmodium infections in humans in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the Malaysian state of Sabah, P. knowlesi notifications increased from 2% (59/2,741) of total malaria notifications in 2004 to 98% (2030/2,078) in 2017. There was a gap regarding P. knowlesi acquisition risk factors related to practice specifically in working age group. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for acquiring P. knowlesi infection in Sabah among the working age group. METHODS AND
methodsThis retrospective population-based case-control study was conducted in Ranau district to assess sociodemographic, behavioural and medical history risk factors using a pretested questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Bivariate analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression whereas multivariate analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression. We set a statistical significance at p-value less than or equal to 0.05.
resultsA total of 266 cases and 532 controls were included in the study. Male gender (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.63-4.50), spending overnight in forest (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.20-3.06), not using mosquito repellent (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.36-4.56) and history of previous malaria infection (AOR = 49.34; 95% CI: 39.09-78.32) were found to be independent predictors of P. knowlesi infection.
conclusionsThis study showed the need to strengthen the strategies in preventing and controlling P. knowlesi infection specifically in changing the practice of spending overnight in forest and increasing the usage of personal mosquito repellent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.