Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34505997›Full record

ArticleBehavior research methods2022

The effects of assessment intensity on participant burden, compliance, within-person variance, and within-person relationships in ambulatory assessment.

Kilian Hasselhorn, Charlotte Ottenstein, Tanja Lischetzke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavior research methods, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment in autism research.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kilian HasselhornDepartment of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany. hasselhorn@uni-landau.de.ORCID 0000-0002-1569-1698
Charlotte OttensteinDepartment of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
Tanja LischetzkeDepartment of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Considering the very large number of studies that have applied ambulatory assessment (AA) in the last decade across diverse fields of research, knowledge about the effects that these design choices have on participants' perceived burden, data quantity (i.e., compliance with the AA protocol), and data quality (e.g., within-person relationships between time-varying variables) is surprisingly restricted. The aim of the current research was to experimentally manipulate aspects of an AA study's assessment intensity-sampling frequency (Study 1) and questionnaire length (Study 2)-and to investigate their impact on perceived burden, compliance, within-person variability, and within-person relationships between time-varying variables. In Study 1, students (n = 313) received either 3 or 9 questionnaires per day for the first 7 days of the study. In Study 2, students (n = 282) received either a 33- or 82-item questionnaire three times a day for 14 days. Within-person variability and within-person relationships were investigated with respect to momentary pleasant-unpleasant mood and state extraversion. The results of Study 1 showed that a higher sampling frequency increased perceived burden but did not affect the other aspects we investigated. In Study 2, longer questionnaire length did not affect perceived burden or compliance but yielded a smaller degree of within-person variability in momentary mood (but not in state extraversion) and a smaller within-person relationship between state extraversion and mood. Differences between Studies 1 and 2 with respect to the type of manipulation of assessment intensity are discussed.

Indexed as

AffectData AccuracyEmotionsHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesAmbulatory assessmentCompliancePerceived burdenQuestionnaire lengthSampling frequencyWithin-person relationshipsWithin-person variability

Identifiers

PMID34505997
PMCPMC9374628

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.