ReviewACS nano2021
Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles.
Review in ACS nano, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve CNS Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Antisense Oligonucleotide in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Do Chemically Modified Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Require Environmental Risk Assessment?Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Exosomes as Emerging Therapeutic and Diagnostic Platforms: Biological Functions, Clinical Applications, and Translational Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Translation and Model-Informed Drug Development for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Review
- Nanoengineering Systems for Gene Therapy: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- USP30-AS1 functions as a post-transcriptional amplifier of interferon signalling to drive autoimmune pathogenesis.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven exosome-mimetic lipid nanoparticles for tumor-specific targeting.Nano convergence · 2026Article
- The impact of chemical modifications of antisense oligonucleotides on CTX-M-15 β-lactamase target affinity and expression of ceftriaxone-resistantNAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The efficacy of oligonucleotide-based gene therapeutics in gene silencing.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Myocarditis After mRNA Vaccination: A Metabolic-Innate Immune Cascade Centered on Lipid Nanoparticles.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Review
- The oncogenic role of mir-21 in cervical cancer: linking epithelial-mesenchymal transition to stromal remodeling.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials in gene therapy and genome editing: challenges and emerging directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Targeting VSMCs to suppress macrophage-like phenotype switching that restrains atherogenesis by immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotide (A151) functionalized selenium nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The Use of Enhanced Analytical Pipelines for the Characterization of Poly(A) and Poly(A)-LNP Formulation Critical Quality Attributes.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- RNA chemistry and therapeutics.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Surface-Engineered Mitochondria with Targeting Potential for Endothelial Repair.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2025Article
- Optimisation of Heated Electrospray Ionisation Parameters to Minimise In-Source Generated Impurities in the Analysis of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15-30 bp) nucleotide-based therapeutics which are capable of targeting DNA and RNA as well as other biomolecules. ONs can be subdivided into several classes based on their chemical modifications and on the mechanisms of their target interactions. Historically, the largest hindrance to the widespread usage of ON therapeutics has been their inability to effectively internalize into cells and escape from endosomes to reach their molecular targets in the cytosol or nucleus. While cell uptake has been improved, "endosomal escape" remains a significant problem. There are a range of approaches to overcome this, and in this review, we focus on three: altering the chemical structure of the ONs, formulating synthetic, lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate the ONs, or biologically loading the ONs into extracellular vesicles. This review provides a background to the design and mode of action of existing FDA-approved ONs. It presents the most common ON classifications and chemical modifications from a fundamental scientific perspective and provides a roadmap of the cellular uptake pathways by which ONs are trafficked. Finally, this review delves into each of the above-mentioned approaches to ON delivery, highlighting the scientific principles behind each and covering recent advances.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.