ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2021
Hyperglycaemia increases mortality risk in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 even more than in diabetic patients.
Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycemic variability and the short-term mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Stress-induced hyperglycemia and mortality of non-diabetic patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: an update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus affected by COVID-19: a retrospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center in Pakistan.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- The short-term follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with COVID-19.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Effects of Glycemic Variability in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Hyperglycaemia and Its Prognostic Value in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Hospital in Lithuania.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Association between inpatient glycemic variability and COVID-19 mortality: a prospective study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- Glycemic Dysregulation, Inflammation and Disease Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Beyond Diabetes and Obesity.Viruses · 2023Article
- Dysglycemias in patients admitted to ICUs with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 versus other causes - a cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Does the Hyperglycemia Impact on COVID-19 Outcomes Depend upon the Presence of Diabetes?-An Observational Study.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Discontinuation of atorvastatin use in hospital is associated with increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Inflammation, Hyperglycemia, and Adverse Outcomes in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for COVID-19.Diabetes care · 2022Observational
- Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in COVID-19 versus non-COVID critical illness: Are they really different?Critical care (London, England) · 2021Article
- Hyperglycaemia increases mortality risk in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 even more than in diabetic patients.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimDiabetes has been identified as a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We examined the association of hyperglycaemia, both in the presence and absence of pre-existing diabetes, with severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
methodsData from 74,148 COVID-19-positive inpatients with at least one recorded glucose measurement during their inpatient episode were analysed for presence of pre-existing diabetes diagnosis and any glucose values in the hyperglycaemic range (>180 mg/dl).
resultsAmong patients with and without a pre-existing diabetes diagnosis on admission, mortality was substantially higher in the presence of high glucose measurements versus all measurements in the normal range (70-180 mg/dl) in both groups (non-diabetics: 21.7% vs. 3.3%; diabetics 14.4% vs. 4.3%). When adjusting for patient age, BMI, severity on admission and oxygen saturation on admission, this increased risk of mortality persisted and varied by diabetes diagnosis. Among patients with a pre-existing diabetes diagnosis, any hyperglycaemic value during the episode was associated with a substantial increase in the odds of mortality (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.52-2.07); among patients without a pre-existing diabetes diagnosis, this risk nearly doubled (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.79-3.37).
conclusionThis retrospective analysis identified hyperglycaemia in COVID-19 patients as an independent risk factor for mortality after adjusting for the presence of diabetes and other known risk factors. This indicates that the extent of glucose control could serve as a mechanism for modifying the risk of COVID-19 morality in the inpatient environment.
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