ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2021
Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking secondary immunodeficiency: a cross-domain pathway framework for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Dysbiosis-induced expansion of AXL-positive inflammatory type 3 dendritic cells triggers preclinical autoimmunity.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Associations of Serum SubstitutedToxics · 2026Article
- Immunoglobulin sub-class levels define inter-donor plasma variability: a longitudinal dual-lab study.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Association between gut microbiota-derived TMAO, systemic inflammatory markers, and echocardiographic findings in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune Signatures of Smoking: Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dysregulation and Partial Reversibility in a Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Primary Humoral Immunodeficiencies and Bronchiectasis in Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels Are Associated with Risk for Exacerbations: An Analysis of SPIROMICS.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Stability of cytokine and immunoglobulin concentrations in the general population: prepandemic basal concentrations and intraindividual changes until the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multivariate analyses and machine learning link sex and age with antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination.iScience · 2024Article
- A case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: multidisciplinary treatment and autoimmune etiological hypothesis.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Plasma and Kidney Proteome Profiling Combined with Laser Capture Microdissection Reveal Large Increases in Immunoglobulins with Age.Proteomes · 2024Article
- Total serum IgA levels and HLA-DQB1*02:01 allelic status.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of a novel point-of-care test for simultaneous detection of anti-transglutaminase IgA and anti-deamidated gliadin IgG antibodies.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2024Article
- Immunoglobulin therapies for primary immunodeficiency diseases (part 1): understanding the pharmacokinetics.Immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Increased IgA-mediated responses to the gut paracellular pathway and blood-brain barrier proteins predict delirium due to hip fracture in older adults.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia: a population-based study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Elevated Total Serum Immunoglobulin A Levels in Patients with Suspicion for Celiac Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Label-free multiplex sensing from buffer and immunoglobulin G sensing from whole blood with photonic crystal slabs using angle-tuning of an optical interference filter.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn clinical practice, currently one reference range for serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M is applied to all adults, although various factors may influence Ig serum levels. Population-based data on determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM and recommendations for subgroup specific reference ranges are lacking. We aimed to provide an overview of determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals and explore determinants that influence Ig reference ranges.
methodsWithin the Rotterdam Study, we performed linear regression analyses for the association of demographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors with serum IgA, IgG, and IgM. We furthermore calculated Ig reference ranges (based on percentiles), both overall and within relevant subgroups.
resultsWe included 8768 participants (median age 62 years). IgA and IgG increased non-linearly with higher age (P < .0001 for both). Women had lower IgA (beta: - 0.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: - 0.29; - 0.20) and IgG (beta: - 0.33; 95% CI: - 0.44; - 0.23), but higher IgM levels (beta: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04;0.13) than men. Former and particularly current smoking were associated with lower IgA and IgG (betas between - 0.07 and - 1.03). Higher alcohol consumption was associated with lower IgG (beta for heavy drinking: - 0.70; 95% CI: - 0.91; - 0.48). Corticosteroid use was associated with lower IgG (beta: - 1.12; 95% CI: - 1.58; - 0.66). Associations with cardiovascular factors were heterogeneous and differed between sexes.
conclusionAge, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, corticosteroid use, and cardiovascular factors are determinants that should be considered when interpreting serum Ig levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may require adjusted reference ranges.
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