Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34504996›Full record

SynthesisGeneral psychiatry2021

Prevalence of internet addiction among college students in the Indian setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jaison Joseph, Abin Varghese, Vijay Vr, Manju Dhandapani, Sandeep Grover, Suresh Sharma, Deepika Khakha, Sucheta Mann, Biji P Varkey

Open access · diamondAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in General psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
23.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nomophobia in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026
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  14. Internet addiction - A silent scourge of public health concern.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024
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  19. TikTok content as a source of health education regarding epicondylitis: a content analysis.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Jaison Joseph *College of Nursing, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.ORCID 0000-0002-6628-2165
Abin Varghese *College of Nursing, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, India.ORCID 0000-0002-6274-3876
Vijay VrCollege of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1728-5201
Manju DhandapaniNational Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.ORCID 0000-0003-3351-3841
Sandeep GroverDepartment of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2714-2055
Suresh SharmaCollege of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1214-8865
Deepika KhakhaCollege of Nursing, AIl India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0001-9118-1457
Sucheta MannCollege of Nursing, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Biji P VarkeyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences · INPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research · INAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · INAll India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar · INAll India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur · INBhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe internet is an integral part of everyone's life. College going adolescents are highly vulnerable to the misuse of the internet.

aimsTo estimate the pooled prevalence of internet addiction (IA) among college students in India.

methodsLiterature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) were searched for studies assessing IA using the Young Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) among adolescents from India, published in the English language up to December 2020. We included studies from 2010 to 2020 as this is the marked era of momentum in wireless internet connectivity in India. The methodological quality of each study was scored, and data were extracted from the published reports. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the fixed-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.

resultsFifty studies conducted in 19 states of India estimated the prevalence of IA and the overall prevalence of IA as 19.9% (95% CI: 19.3% to 20.5%) and 40.7% (95% CI: 38.7% to 42.8%) based on the Y-IAT cut-off scores of 50 and 40, respectively. The estimated prevalence of severe IA was significantly higher in the Y-IAT cut-off points of 70 than 80 (12.7% (95% CI: 11.2% to 14.3%) vs 4.6% (95% CI: 4.1% to 5.2%)). The sampling method and quality of included studies had a significant effect on the estimation of prevalence in which studies using non-probability sampling and low risk of bias (total quality score ≥7) reported lower prevalence. The overall quality of evidence was rated as 'moderate' based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.

conclusionsOur nationally representative data suggest that about 20% to 40% of college students in India are at risk for IA. There is a need for further research in the reconsideration of Y-IAT cut-off points among Indian college students. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020219511.

Indexed as

addictiveadolescent psychiatrybehavior

Identifiers

PMID34504996
PMCPMC8381302
OpenAlexW3193844291

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.