Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34504845›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021

Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Junctions, and Tumor Microenvironment in Brain Metastases, the Biological Prospects and Dilemma in Therapies.

Zhiyuan Guan, Hongyu Lan, Xin Cai, Yichi Zhang, Annan Liang, Jin Li

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. [Mechanisms and intervention strategies by which neuropsychological stress promotes central nervous system tumor recurrence through bloodZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
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  5. Preclinical Comparison ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026
    Article
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  7. Nanomedicine for Cancer and Autoimmune Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Killing the killers: Natural killer cell therapy targeting glioma stem cells in high-grade glioma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Zhiyuan GuanState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Hongyu LanState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xin CaiState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yichi ZhangState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Annan LiangState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jin LiState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University · CNGuangzhou Medical University · CNState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain metastasis is the most commonly seen brain malignancy, frequently originating from lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. Brain tumor has its unique cell types, anatomical structures, metabolic constraints, and immune environment, which namely the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been discovered that the tumor microenvironment can regulate the progression, metastasis of primary tumors, and response to the treatment through the particular cellular and non-cellular components. Brain metastasis tumor cells that penetrate the brain-blood barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to alter the function of cell junctions would lead to different tumor microenvironments. Emerging evidence implies that these tumor microenvironment components would be involved in mechanisms of immune activation, tumor hypoxia, antiangiogenesis, etc. Researchers have applied various therapeutic strategies to inhibit brain metastasis, such as the combination of brain radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, they hardly access effective treatment. Meanwhile, most clinical trials of target therapy patients with brain metastasis are always excluded. In this review, we summarized the clinical treatment of brain metastasis in recent years, as well as their influence and mechanisms underlying the differences between the composition of tumor microenvironments in the primary tumor and brain metastasis. We also look forward into the feasibility and superiority of tumor microenvironment-targeted therapies in the future, which may help to improve the strategy of brain metastasis treatment.

Indexed as

blood brain barrierbrain metastasiscell junctionclinical therapyTME

Identifiers

PMID34504845
PMCPMC8421648
OpenAlexW3196114115

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.