ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Alterations in Saliva and Plasma Cytokine Concentrations During Long-Duration Spaceflight.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Mechanisms and protective strategies for astronaut skin injury in deep space environments].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of isolated, confined and extreme environments on parameters of the immune system - a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- ESA VIVALDI Dry Immersion Microgravity Simulations Induce Increases in Immune Biomarkers Associated With Physical and Psychological Stress, and Sex-Specific Factors.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Trial
- Physical exercise protects cardiovascular fitness in long-term spaceflight: what have we learned?Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling the risk of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses in microgravity.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Parabolic flight induces site specific microbiome changes in women.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-specific immune alterations in mice following long-term simulated microgravity and chronic irradiation.NPJ microgravity · 2025Article
- Modulation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and gut microbiome balance in astronauts: potential benefits of novel beta-glucans during space missions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of the impact of clinical practices on salivary biomarkers of inflammation and stress in oral surgery postgraduate students: a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth.NPJ microgravity · 2024Review
- Synergistic interplay between radiation and microgravity in spaceflight-related immunological health risks.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Influence of the spaceflight environment on macrophage lineages.NPJ microgravity · 2024Review
- Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA).Nature communications · 2024Article
- APHRODITE: A Compact Lab-on-Chip Biosensor for the Real-Time Analysis of Salivary Biomarkers in Space Missions.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Review
- Microglial activation in spaceflight and microgravity: potential risk of cognitive dysfunction and poor neural health.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Hindlimb unloading, a physiological model of microgravity, modifies the murine bone marrow IgM repertoire in a similar manner as aging but less strongly.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight is known to cause immune dysregulation in astronauts. Biomarkers of immune system function are needed to determine both the need for and effectiveness of potential immune countermeasures for astronauts. Whereas plasma cytokine concentrations are a well-established biomarker of immune status, salivary cytokine concentrations are emerging as a sensitive indicator of stress and inflammation. For this study, to aid in characterizing immune dysregulation during spaceflight, plasma and saliva cytokines were monitored in astronauts before, during and after long-duration spaceflight onboard the International Space Station. Blood was collected from 13 astronauts at 3 timepoints before, 5 timepoints during and 3 timepoints after spaceflight. Saliva was collected from 6 astronauts at 2 timepoints before spaceflight, 2 timepoints during and 3 timepoints following spaceflight. Samples were analyzed using multiplex array technology. Significant increases in the plasma concentration of IL-3, IL-15, IL-12p40, IFN-α2, and IL-7 were observed during spaceflight compared to before flight baseline. Significant decreases in saliva GM-CSF, IL-12p70, IL-10 and IL-13 were also observed during spaceflight as compared to compared to before flight baseline concentrations. Additionally, plasma TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 concentrations tended to be consistently higher during spaceflight, although these did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the findings confirm an
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.