Trial reportSpinal cord2022
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on recovery in lower limb muscle strength and gait function following spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Spinal cord, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05975606 (Exploring the Effect of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Paired With Functional Electrical Stimulation to Improve Lower Extremity Function Following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploring the Effect of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Paired With Functional Electrical Stimulation to Improve Lower Extremity Function Following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation on gait and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Spinal cord · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of device-based neuromodulation on the motor recovery of patients with spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2025Pooled it
- Non-invasive cerebral and spinal cord stimulation for motor and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on motor function after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on quadriceps function in participants in the early postoperative period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Cerebral Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined with Physiotherapy in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Trial
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor ability, neurophysiological changes, mental health, and activities of daily living in spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Simulated closed-loop magnetic stimulation promotes function recovery and axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of Transcranial Neuromodulation on Rehabilitation Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Noninvasive Technology Modalities on Lower-Limb Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Translating a Preclinically Tested 15 Hz rTMS Protocol to Humans With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Safety and Feasibility Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation (iTBS) Enhances Physical Performance in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Spinal Cord Injury Remyelination: Pathways to Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on electroencephalogram and memory function in patients with mild cognitive impairment.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Enhancing Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury Through Neuroplasticity: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Modulation of leg trajectory by transcranial magnetic stimulation during walking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Traumatic spinal cord injury: a review of the current state of art and future directions - what do we know and where are we going?North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designRandomized sham-controlled clinical trial.
objectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) compared to sham stimulation, on the development of lower limb muscle strength and gait function during rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI).
settingSCI rehabilitation hospital in Viborg, Denmark.
methodsTwenty individuals with SCI were randomized to receive rTMS (REAL, n = 11) or sham stimulation (SHAM, n = 9) and usual care for 4 weeks. rTMS (20 Hz, 1800 pulses per session) or sham stimulation was delivered over leg M1 Monday-Friday before lower limb resistance training or physical therapy. Lower limb maximal muscle strength (MVC) and gait function were assessed pre- and post intervention. Lower extremity motor score (LEMS) was assessed at admission and at discharge.
resultsOne individual dropped out due to seizure. More prominent increases in total leg (effect size (ES): 0.40), knee flexor (ES: 0.29), and knee extensor MVC (ES: 0.34) were observed in REAL compared to SHAM; however, repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no clear main effects for any outcome measure (treatment p > 0.15, treatment × time p > 0.76, time p > 0.23). LEMS improved significantly for REAL at discharge, but not for SHAM, and REAL demonstrated greater improvement in LEMS than SHAM (p < 0.02). Similar improvements in gait performance were observed between groups.
conclusionsHigh-frequency rTMS may increase long-term training-induced recovery of lower limb muscle strength following SCI. The effect on short-term recovery is unclear. Four weeks of rTMS, when delivered in conjunction with resistance training, has no effect on recovery of gait function, indicating a task-specific training effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.